Life on Earth Worksheet Essay

Taxa to explore Elephants.1. Review terms ( lay aside definitions for these terms) survivingSpecies, families, or groups still in existenceExtinctSpecies, families, or groups no longer in existence, end or died out Genotype contagious make-up of an organismPhenotypePhysical attributes of an organism, observable or measurable traits Synapomorphy overlap characteristic that ar inherited from most recent cat valium forerunnerBackground at that place be three existing species of elephant Elaphas maximus (Asian elephants), genus genus Loxodonta africana (African elephants), and Loxodonta cyclotis (African forest elephants). Their taxonomic hierarchy is as followsKingdom animal kingdomPhylum phylum Chorselective informationClass MammaliaOrder genus ProboscideaFamily ElephantidaeGenus ElaphasSpecies maximusKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder ProboscideaFamily ElephantidaeGenus LoxodontaSpecies africanaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder ProboscideaFamil y ElephantidaeGenus LoxodontaSpecies cyclotis2. Collect an image of each species. You will hive away these as a part of your assignment. (see full assignment instructions)3. projecting at these pictures, can you think of any EXTINCT animal or animals that efficacy be a close relative of modern font elephants? List it/them below. If you chicane the scientific name (genus and species) thusly you can put that. If you arent quite an sure, just give the greenness name.Mammoth4. at once think closely EXTANT taxa. Identify 2 animals that you might expect to be the ambient LIVING relative to the elephants. List it/them below. If you know the scientific name (genus and species) then you can put that. If you arent quite sure, just give the leafy vegetable name.Possible Relative APossible Relative B leaning HyraxManatees5. For the impendent EXTANT relatives, what characteristic(s) of that animal or its habitat lead you choose it as probable closest relative? (consider geographic lo cation, size, variant, bearing etc). Be specific.Characteristics of Animal ACharacteristics of Animal B-found across Africa and the midsection East-typically live in groups-has a prominent pair of long, pointed tusk-like amphetamine incisors -In males, the testes are permanently abdominal-thick, wrinkled skin-Females have ii teats, one under each flipper-teeth growing at the plagiarise are continuously replaced throughout lifeNow to the science draw the link below to read about some of the extinct relatives of elephantshttp//palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Elephants/firstelephants.html6. How were the phenotypes of ancient proboscideans diverse from those of extant elephants?The ancient proboscideans differ from those of extant elephants because they have aggregate pairs of zeps and premolars, they do not possess tusks, and they retain canines on the upper jaw.7. base on the information in the sack up-site, where did the early proboscideans evolve? The early proboscidean s evolved from Africa. to a greater extent derived proboscideans (not ancient, but not extant either) also had a very different geographic distribution than elephants todayhttp//palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Elephants/extinct_taxa.html http//palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Elephants/mammoths.html8. Which localities seem most surprising and wherefore?North and South America because these locations were once abundant with these animals, such as mastodons, while having most of the animals originate fromthe other side of the world.9. Identify 4 synapomorphies that are shared between ALL of these extinct and extant taxa.1.Tusks2.Incisors and molar teeth3.Trunk4.Four column-like legsMolecular phylogenesisIn extant species, relationships can also be reconstructed based on deoxyribonucleic acid Think back to your best guesses of the closest EXTANT relatives of the modern elephants.Look at the .pdf named Afrotheria. The phylogeny described in this paper is based on molecular data ( sameities in DNA sequences)10. Based on that phylogeny, write in the babe taxon (taxon A) to Proboscidea. Give the formal name.Taxon A or Sirenia Proboscidea11. Write in the taxon (taxon B) that is sister to the clade composed of (Proboscidea + Taxon A). Give formal nameTaxon B orTaxon A Proboscidea order Hyracoidea12. Perform an lucre search for these two taxa and find out their common names. What are their common names? Describe each.The common name for Sirenia is ocean Cow. Sea cows are fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that appear fat. They have forelimbs utilise for steering and a tail used for paddling. The common name for Hyracoidea are hyraxes. Hyraxes are well-furred animals with short tails and have poor inhering temperature regulation.What was your thought/reaction upon discovering what these creatures are? My thought reaction was how can animals that bet nothing alike be similar to an elephant if they visually look different. recollect it or not, there are morphol ogical (phenotypic) similarities as well as dietary and behavioral similarities between all of these taxa. BEFORE molecular data was available, scientists already suspected that these groups were closely related. The DNA evidence only helped to affirm the relationships. Well do more on that in a moment.13. Search the web to find at least two non-molecular synapomorphies between each of your modern taxa and the elephants (be specific)Animal 1 nameRock HyraxesRock Hyraxes are furry and have the soles of the feet with large, soft pads that are kept moist. Manatees have seesaw like flippers and a snout.Animal 2 nameManatees14. Which of the features you listed are more likely to survive in the fossil record? Explain why. approximately likely to survive in the fossil record is the snout because it consists of the study of the jaw which are very good for becoming fossils.15. Which are less(prenominal) likely? Explain why.Less likely are the fur, soft pads at the feet, and the paddle-lik e flippers because all are more prone to decay rapidly because of creation soft structures. The flippers are also more prone to not preserving readily therefore eaten or broken down by aerobic microbes.Now for moleculesTo see the actual molecular data used to create the phylogeny you saw, select the .pdf named mammoth and sea cow.16. Go to rapscallion 409. Dots soused the base pair (A, C, T or G) is the same as is listed in the taxon thats at the top (this saves ink). Now study the sequences for the African elephant and the Asian elephant in just the top row of page 409.How many molecular differences do you see in the sequence shown?There are 8 molecular difference in the sequence.How many molecular differences do you count between the African elephant and the hyrax?There are 11 molecular differences between the African elephant and the hyrax.17. Based on skeletal system alone (without the molecular evidence), would you have guessed that the animals in photos above represented the closest living relatives of elephants? Why or why not?Honestly, based on the anatomy alone, I would not have guessed that the animals represent close relatives of the elephants because of the personal anatomical characteristic they have. Most animals can have similar anatomy with slight differences that contribute to their survival in an environment. Initially, I thought that the animals had similar characteristics only because of natural selection and adaptation of their environment not becauseof their common ancestor. This shows how molecular evidence can really help in see what animals belong in what lineages.

Conceptual Definition of Family

Ingredients for a Family Family is a group of mountain who fag end kip down an other(a) somebody beside himself or herself, give and gain bank, and accept to individually wizard other for who they argon. When population heat one another, theyre not refer close themselves. creation unselfish all toldows to a greater extent room for get by. In a family, members are satisfactory to compromise with the ones they dearest, in order to make the alliance work. Without trust, a family back endnot confide in one another. Trusting the members of in spite of appearance the family shows the celebrate that they make up for each other.Respect and trust coalesce families, giving them a horse sense of understanding for one another. macrocosm accepted by the family makes people tactual sensation assured that they are loved. miscellanea in a family also is a part of acceptance, which makes them feel more comfortable. Diversity may also get scrap, not moreover in a famil y but also in social situations. on that point are m all un alike qualities that make up a family. Love isnt on the button an emotion its a feeling and a sense of comfort. humankind surrounded by a family that loves one another is one of the best feelings in the ball.Love is the one of the close to important qualities a family must check. If there were no love in the family, no one would get a big or want to be near each other. In the painting Freedom from Want, by customary Rockwell, you buttocks see the love between the family through the picture. Everyone is smiling and turned on(p) to be round each other (Rockwell 23). You can tell that they love being around everyone be go they keep a smile on their faces, which shows happiness. organism loved and loving soul else are 2 different concepts. Being able to love someone other than oneself takes term and effort.The more clock spent between families, the move love begins to arrest. I consider love being like a tree . As the tree grows it becomes stronger and larger. The resembling likeness goes for love between families. As the family grows together, the love between the members gets stronger. Selflessness in a family champions the family grow stronger as a whole. Its nice to interest about yourself once in a while but when someone is a part of a family they should foreboding about everyone. Taking care of a family sometimes challenges the members in it.At times you piddle to give up certain things that may be important to you for another member of the family. There are times in my family when one of us has to sacrifice personnel casualty out or canceling plans for another member in my family. When my parents want to go out, I have to cancel plans with my friends to watch my baby, but I put one overt mind because I know that they sacrifice plans for me all the time. Thats just apart of being selfless. An Indian Story shows a keen example of selflessness. Roger tar states, Thats when I walked into her lifespan like a newborn Mathew or Grandpa or the baby she never had (53). aunty Greta, from An Indian Story sacrificed having children of her own or remarrying because she wanted to take care of her nephew. She knew that she could help him move forward in life and that it would make him happy to support there so welcomed him into her home. By her being selfless, the male child was able to grow up doing well in school, learned from his mistakes, and went to college. Because of Aunt Gretas actions the boy was able to do well for himself. If everyone in a family were selfish than no one would actually care about anybody.If Aunt Greta were selfish and didnt allow the boy to live with her, he most likely would have dropped out of school like this stepbrother. To softwood with his family issues, he probably would have gotten into drugs and or fights with other kids from his area. If his family was selfish, they wouldnt of cared about his grades or his feelings, but Aunt Greta wasnt selfish, she took the love that she had for the boy and took him in to help him grow as a person. Being selfless plays a big part in society also. If a person is brought up being selfless it reflects on the person they are outside of the family.In the article by Anne Lidberg she writes, Instead of reflection parades on TV or apparently chatting, the Yanchunises spent the day dowry turkey and the trimmings to hundreds of homeless people at the St. Vincent de Paul nutrient center (Lindberg). Their ritual has been going on for 10 years straight. The children were brought up in a home with parents who were far from selfish. By being selfless at home, they were able to teach their children to be selfless also in society. The love that the children have for their parents reflects on the selflessness that they have. Compromise at heart a family also ties into being selfless.When compromising with another person in the family, they can make deals that end up working fo r the both of them. In the optic portfolio there is a picture of a woman with her seven puppyish children. In this picture you can infer that she is a single grow who takes care of her children to the best of her ability (74). This woman is forced to make compromises all of the time just to be able to take care of her children. When my uncle had gotten a divorce he had taken full custody of my cousin Anthony. Being a single parent with a young boy and a full time job became very difficult for him at times.My uncle was unflurried young at the time himself, while all his friends were out in the social scene he was home, watching movies, playing games and cooking for his son. My uncle do may compromises for his son, not because he had too, but because he loved him more than anything. Compromise in a family keeps things fair and understandable. Being the that person in a family that gets to do or get what they want makes the others in the family want to envy and rebel against that member. If youre able to compromise in spite of appearance the family you can keep everyone happy.Trust isnt just about knowing someone can keep your secrets, its about knowing someone allow be there for you when you need to talk, or knowing that they will sustain around during your ups and downs. The boy from An Indian Story trusted his Aunt with his wellbeing. The boy also prize his aunt plentiful to realize that his decision to insobriety and get into a fight was wrong. He knew that she trusted him to make skillful decisions and when he went against her, he understood what he had done wrong. If there were no trust between the two he wouldnt have cared that he went against her wishes.All that she had taught him would have been a waste of her time if she couldnt trust him. Without trust there is no relationship. Trust is a main ingredient of a family but you also need to have rate for your family. Respecting your elders is a everyday saying that is used. Although respecti ng the members of your family that are older than you is important, you should respect all of your family no number of their age. In the article by Kelly Weber she states, It is important to note that I was given this secretiveness because I earned it (Weber).Kelly believes that children and teens should be reckon enough to have their privacy once in a while. Although her thoughts on privacy are strong, she also makes it known that she had to earn her privacy by respecting her parents (Weber). secrecy is something that all teens strive to have, including myself. As we get older, we want to be handle as more of an adult and want to be able to be left alone when needed. hiding is only given if someone is able to trust and respect the other. If someone wants respect, it has to be given. Aunt Greta not only respects her nephew, but his spawn as well.In the story An Indian Boy, Roger Jack is asked what he plans to do with his life and responds, I want to be like you (54). Aunt Gre ta didnt have an issue with the boys return she didnt think that she was a better role model than him. She reminded him that he had a laminitis to think about and look up too. She respected his father enough to remind him that he had a male attend in his life that he could follow in the footsteps of (54). Respect is dual-lane throughout the whole family and is well shown in Roger Jacks story. Without respect there is no love. When someone doesnt respect the people around him or her, they wont be respected.Doing and saying what they want can sometimes harm others because they are inconsiderate. That type of disrespect will not gain someone the respect that they would like to have. When people inside the family do not respect each other, there will be no love shared between the family. Everyone deserves give and gain respect. Being respected and trusted indoors your family combines everyone and gives everyone a well understanding of each other. labor union the family doesnt nec essarily mean doing planned out events, it can simply be sharing the days events with each other or eating at the dinner table.In the article by Mary Atuheire she states, Brenda Ninsiima has a big and closely knit extended family, so as long as she remembers, she has always spent Christmas with the whole family in the village with her grannies (Atuheire). Brendas family unites on holidays to spend time with each other. near families are only able to spend holidays with each other, while other families like the boy from An Indian Story, can see their family members at any time. Although the boy had already moved out of his home, still was able to unite with his father and ask for advice after he had gotten arrested for drinking in Calgary (55-56).His father had given him the advice that he needed and listened to him while he talked about his catchy times. Even though he had moved out, he still was welcomed into his fathers home, uniting the two once again. If his father had shunned him for his home he wouldnt of been able to reunite with him. A family that cant unite with each other wont want to spend time together. Its important to unite with ones family once in a while, just to show that they still love being around one another. Being accepted within the family for who they are is an important boost to someones confidence.No matter what the outside world thinks of you, your family will always accept the person you are. To be accepted is to feel loved and appreciated. In the story flavour For Work, Soto didnt think that his family was accepted by the outside world. He watched TV shows that showed the perfect American family, but what he didnt realize was that those TV shows arent reality, no family is perfect. Sotos family accepted each other for who they were. Although they had no money, no materialistic items, and didnt live the life shown on TV they were still a family that loved each other through their unvoiced times.If Sotos family couldnt accept the ir living situation or one another they wouldnt have been a family (26-31). Without acceptance there would have been no support system or feeling of comfort. Diversity can be within a family or out in society. Diversity is to be different not like the rest. Whether being diverse within your family means that you have a different sexual preference, different religion, or different heritage, your family will still accept you for the person you are. Sotos sister expresses. Theyll never like us (Soto 30).Sotos idealistic family was the white American families that were shown on comic television shows. These families would all be dressed for dinner, had toys that would contact their closets, didnt get beatings or got into argu handsts, and were kissed and tucked into bed every night. His family was the veritable(prenominal) Mexican American family back in the 1950s that werent respected, had no money, and had to work for the bare minimum. Soto believed that the differences between his family and normal American families, was the reason wherefore in his mind, his family was wrong.Without variety, all families would be alike, all traditions would be the identical, theyre would be no differences. When everyone is the same, life becomes boring. The best part about having diversity in this world is for the simple fact that everyone can learn about different things from each other. Although diversity is a big part of being a family, so is contrast. In situations of conflict arent always within the family, but within society also. Some people in the world dont accept the fact that people are different which causes conflict. In the article by E. W.Carp states Leading experts challenges the myth that lesbians and gay men are unfit to adopt (Carp 1539). Being apart of a family with same sex parents causes conflict in society. Some people in this world are unable to understand that no matter what sex people are, they are still capable of having and raising a family wit h all the love they have inside of them. Some families who have a mother and a father are more unfit to raise a family than families with two mothers or two fathers. Gays and lesbians are afraid to try and adopt because of the conflict they might cause in society.Diversity in society may cause conflict but, conflict makes the world grow, do it not so much(prenominal) of a negative aspect. Soto on the other hand, causes a conflict within his family when he brings up his idea to get dressed up for dinner. Although he is considering the fact of trying to act more sophisticated, his sister believes that he shouldnt care what people think of their family because, society will never like them for who they are (Soto 29). Even though Soto started a conflict between siblings, people in this world will start an argument because of the way some one acts or looks.Some may think that a family that doesnt deal with conflict is a drama free family, but without a conflict once in a while a family wouldnt be able to overcome their problems together. These conflicts, either external or internal, make a family stronger. A family joins together as one to love, trust and accept each other through even the hardest of times. Love within families is the largest component to making up a family. Consider love like a tree, the branches are made of selflessness, compromise, trust, respect, unity, acceptance, diversity, and conflict.Without the branches on the tree, it wouldnt look like a tree. The same goes for a family. Love without the rest of the components wouldnt be considered a family. Family in my opinion, are the only people who welcomed you into this world and will be the only people who stay by your side through the journey life brings. Its important to always remember that your family will love you for what you do, trust you to do your best, and accept you for who you are. Works Cited Carp, E. W. Adoption By Lesbians and Gay custody A New Dimension in Family Diversity. CHOI CE Current Reviews for faculty member Libraries. Apr. 2012 1539+. General OneFile. Web. 25 June 2012. Family Values Bonds of Unity and Love. Africa News Service 19 Dec. 2011. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 28 June 2012. Jack, Roger. An Indian Story. Rereading America. eighth Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen and Bonnie Lisle. capital of Massachusetts Bedford, 2010. 52-60. Print. Lindberg, Anne. A FAMILY SERVES UP KINDNESS This holiday ritual is a spread of selflessness. St. Petersburg Times St. Petersburg, FL 27 Nov. 2009 1B. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 28 June 2012.Rockwell, Norman. Freedom from Want. Rereading America. 8th Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen and Bonnie Lisle. Boston Bedford, 2010. (23). Print. Soto, Gary. Looking for Work. Rereading America. 8th Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen and Bonnie Lisle. Boston Bedford, 2010. 26-31. Print. opthalmic Portfolio. Rereading America. 8th Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen and Bonnie Lisle. Boston Bedfor d, 2010. 74. Print. Weber, Kelly. Teens Should Have a Right to Privacy That Is Earned. Teens and Privacy. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2011. Current Controversies. Web. 25 June 2012.

Distally Based Sural Artery Flap Health And Social Care Essay

Methodology This prospective interventional survey was conducted from border district 2007- February 2009 at the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Burns Unit, Liaquat University of aesculapian wellness Sciences, Jamshoro. Sample was collected by non chance convenience sampling. A predesigned proforma was apply to roll up the information. SPSS 17 was utilize for informations analysis.Consequences Age of 35 inducted patient roles ranged from 13-57 sometime(a) terms with MeanSD age of 317.7 old ages. There were 29 males ( 82.85 % ) and 6 females ( 17.14 % ) . each(prenominal) pother were survived partial tip mortification was seen in 3 patients ( 8.57 % ) . Mode of hurt was route traffic separatrix in 30 patients ( 85.71 % ) . Two immature males ( 5.71 % ) were with spoke wrack hurt. Two patients ( 5.71 % ) had force per unit bea sore lesions. One patient ( 2.85 % ) has exposed calcanium receivable to incinerate hurt. Paresthesia on sidelong point of acc umulation delimitate of pes stubborn on its ain within 6 months period in alone instances, there was no neuroma formation.Decision Sural arteria beat is an outstanding woof for direction of easily wind shifts of trim down supplement, specially exposed calcanium and malleolus due to its first-class billet supply and easiness of public presentation.Keywords raze growth Reconstruction, sural arteria, sural arteria drum, fasciocutaneous to-doIntroductionSoft create from raw stuff reportage of level appendages defect is disputing to both plastic and orthopaedic sawboness. Lower appendage is disposed to trauma and jeopardies due to its location and low vascularity.Unlike trunk, there is limited figure of wave picks available for Reconstruction of pull down limb defects. These pother should be able to cover the defect specially any point-blank bone, heart, sinew or any major vass besides it should be blowsy to execute and give permanent consequences to patient.The really fist documented legal opinion of fasciocutaneous flap was presented in 1980 by Poten, and that resulted because of advanced cognition and survey of mannikin of lower particularly in footings of neurovascular construction, muscular structure, and prodigal supply to shin and deep facia. Poten described and emphasized upon the function of fasciocutaneous flap for Reconstruction of lower leg defects due to their dependability and safety profile.Upper and lower appendages withdraw longitudinal dispersed superficial nervousnesss and hypodermic venas. It is advised that fasciocutaneous flaps should compound these nervousnesss and venas which help in flap endurance and diminish the ratio of flap mortification and best illustration of such fasciocutaneous flap is sural arteria flap which is establish on mean(a) superficial sural arteria which is a subdivision of superficial Sural arteria.The pedicel sural flap consists of superficial and deep facia, lesser sephanous vena, ave rage superficial little arteria and sural nervus, whereas the flap consists of pelt with hypodermic tissue and facia along with above mentioned neurovascular constructions.MethodologyThis prospective interventional survey was conducted form March 2007- February 2009 at the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Burns Unit, Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences, Jamshoro. During the survey period patients coming for coverage of lesion on lower appendages were included in the survey after obtaining informed consent. A predesigned proforma was apply to roll up the data.. Patients were followed for a period of six months. SPSS 17 was used for informations analysisAfter all sterile steps the flap was raised. all(prenominal) patients were operated under spinal anaesthesia. After application of compression bandage, the surface markers were pinched at the sidelong boundary line of Achilles tendon medically and laterally at the border of fibular shaft. At sidelong malleo lus a sidelong lollipop is made, the median scratch is made at the sidelong boundary line of Achilles sinew which continues till the point of its interpolation at border of defect or tubercle of calcanium.After scratch on tegument and facia, the oblivious sephanous vena is ligated and sural nervus is divided. Flap is than raised distally, subdivisions of peroneal arteria are included in sub facial fat in the flap to guarantee maximal blood supply. Flap is so advanced along the sidelong border of Achilles sinew. Donor side is so near mainly if flap is little in size, otherwise natural surface is cover with partial thickness tegument grafting. After a period of 3 hebdomads the flap is detached and its distal portion is stitched back to its current location.ConsequencesSural flap was done in 35 instances. Patient s age ranged from 13-57 old ages with MeanSD age of 317.7 old ages. There were 29 males ( 82.85 % ) and 6 females ( 17.14 % ) . Majority of patients were between 31-40 twe lvemonth of age Table I.All flaps were survived, partial tip mortification was seen in 3 patients ( 8.57 % ) , and leftover had good viability of full flap. Mode of hurt was route traffic accident in bulk of instances i.e. 30 patients ( 85.71 % ) . Two immature males ( 5.71 % ) with radius wheel hurt. Two patients had force per unit area sore lesions. One patient ( 2.85 % ) has exposed calcanium due to fire hurt. Paresthesia on sidelong boundary line of pes resolved on its ain within 6 months period in all instances, there was no neuroma formation.DiscussionReconstruction of lower appendage defect are still an mystery for pliable sawboness working in a apparatus where microvascular surgery installations are non yet available. The most gross site is heel which is a weight bearing country and is given over to trauma and other jeopardies like force per unit area sores. The tegument over the heel is less nomadic and has hapless blood supply. adjacent rehabilitative ladder several o ptions have been studied for soft tissue coverage of open heel including septo cutaneal, axial form, random form, musculus flap and free flaps. So far, fasciocutaneous flaps are proven to be an armamentarium for fictile sawboness, particularly when it comes to Reconstruction of lower appendage defects. Though many writers are of sentiment that medical plantar flap is the best option for coverage of open heel. However others are of sentiment that sural arteria flap offers the same. Viability of island flaps are ever questionable due to cut down blood supply, another option for coverage of open heel defects is sidelong calcaneal flap which is base on sidelong calcaneal arteria, it besides check over lesser sephanous vena and sural nervus. However once more it has a short-circuit coming o tantrums little size, that s why it is non ever suited for open heel defects particularly larger in size.Distally based distant flow sural arteria flap is option of pick since 1980s. it is based on median superficial sural arteria. The blood flow is in contrary from the peroneal arteria in distal portion of leg. Small nervus besides has its ain arterial supply. These all subdivisions anastomosis freely in superficial plane.Many writers have reported that distally bases sural artery flap as a versatile and dependable flap for Reconstruction of lower appendage defect. Several surveies have reported experience of coverage of calcaneal and malleolus defects with good result with sural flap. The major drawback of this flap is forfeit of sural nervus tho surveies report that the esthesis improves over the period of clip and same was the instance in this series on a 6 months follow-up.DecisionIt is concluded that distally based sural arteria flap is an first-class option for coverage of soft tissue defects of lower appendage, specially exposed calcanium and malleolus due to its first-class blood supply.Table IAge gender distributionAge scope ( old ages )MalesNumber of patients ( % )FemalesNumber of patients ( % )10-206 ( 17.14 % )21-305 ( 14.28 % )1 ( 2.85 % )31-4014 ( 40 % )3 ( 8.57 % )41-604 ( 14.4 % )2 ( 5.71 % )Entire29 ( 82.85 % )6 ( 17.14 % )Chart IMode of hurt

Family vs. Family

Between the two short stories, fellows vapours by James Baldwin and Everyday call by Alice Walker, they reveal similarities and differences. Both stories are similar in the sizeableness of family ties and the foc utilise they view family, s gondolace differ in sibling relations. In rookies Blues, the siblings want to recreate their br new(prenominal)ly bond again, only in Everyday Use thither is no sign of meliorate the hole among Dee, Maggie, and Mama. First, we leave behind look at the importance of family ties among both stories. In Everyday Use the characters wee strong connections with family ties and their heritage. non Dee,Wangero Leewanika Ke whilejo (280). Dee changing her name to Wangero tells the reader that Dee believes by changing her name to a more Afri give the axe name is confirming her African heritage. Having this new name, Wangero kills Dee, so theoretically by changing her name she is killing off her take in family heritage. Similarly, in fellers Blues the two brothers have importance in family ties too. When the narrators give says, You got to hold on to your brother, she said, and dont allow him ancestry, no matter what it looks like is happening to him and no matter how execration you gets with him.You going to be evil with him many a time. But dont you forget what I told you, you hear? (264-265). The mother makes the narrator (brother) promise her to take make out of rookie no matter what. This shows us the unconditional love of the family, or family in general. All the mother wants is for gent to be taken tuition of and looked after when she can no longer look after him anymore. Also, from the bind To the Deep Water James Baldwins Sonnys Blues by McParland, Robert P. , he says Sonny has reached a point of breakthrough and he is giving his life spinal column in medicine.Here Baldwin provides a beautifully lyrical passage suggesting generation and memory, as Sonny plays. Sonnys music restores to the narrator m emory, community, and family. This here is a nonher reference towards family and family ties. miss this time it is through Sonnys new found talent, music. His music was so powerful, he abstractly injects his aver family memories into the music and makes the narrator (brother) call back his mothers feeling and his generate. From another article called, In ill will of It All Reading of Alice Walkers Everyday Use. By Whitsitt, Sam, he states, When the flashy Dee finally does replica, greeting her mother in Arabic and declaring that she no longer fall aparts the name Dee, but the African name Wangero, and that Dee, Shes dead (29)its as if there is not even a tombstone to mark the presence of her absence. Her bring round seems less a return than a passing by she appears a curious visitor who has momentarily stopped off a path which began and ends elsewhere. I agree with what Whitsitt says about Dee. He says that because of her changing her name to Wangero, her return back home to visit should not be called a return, but merely a passing by.By changing from Dee to Wangero, it is as if she has never existed in the first place. Another similarity I found is a round complex, but also relates to a sense of family. It occurs when Dee says, I couldnt bear it any longer, be named after the people who oppress me. (280). This means that Dee feels she is being held back from her culture not being named something more close to what her emphasise is and that she is basically being suppressed by the white man for having a name like Dee.Similarly, in Sonnys Blues the popular opinion of being suppressed black males is also given to Sonny and his brother. It is pictured by the description of the fathers brothers death. This car was full of white men. They was all drunk, and when they seen your fathers brother they let out a great whoop and holler and they aimed the car straight at him. They was having fun, they honorable wanted to scare him, the way they do som etimes, you know. But they was drunk. And I recall the boy, being drunk, too, and scared, kind of lost his head.By the time he jumped it was too late. (264). The mother interprets the position and situation of a black male when she tells us what the fathers stead is after the death of the his brother, Till the day he died he werent authentic but that every white man he saw was the man that killed his brother. (264). This exposes to us the suppressed fear and disgust that was hidden inside of the father towards the whites. In the article James Baldwins Sonnys Blues Complicated and Simple by Murray, Donald C. he says His brother responds deeply to Sonnys music because he knows that he is with his black brothers and is watching his own brother, grinning and soaking wet. This further proves that the aspect of family can be seen contraryly. By looking at it as heritage, the author explains that the narrator of Sonnys Blues is greatly affected by the music Sonny plays because he f eels at home now, or with his black brothers as he de tonicitys it. iodin difference between the stories is that in Walkers Everyday Use, the relationship among siblings nearly dominates the story because it is shown is several places.For example, How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve long time? any(prenominal)times I can still hear the flames and feel Maggies arms sticking to me, her hair consume and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes. Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflected in them. And Dee. I see her rest off under the sweet gum tree she used to push gum out of a look of concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house fall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why dont you do a dance around the ashes?Id wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much. (279). We can deduce from this that there was some tension going on between the Dee, Maggie, and the mother. The fac t that Dee was stand alone to the side, it tells us that there was some tension or hatred going on between Dee, Maggie, and mother. In addition, it is also important to note the fact that Dee being well educated contributes to her thinking she is better than Maggie or mother. Now, compared to Sonnys Blues, Sonny and the narrator are super different.We do not feel any tension or hate happening, but a sense of recovery. For example, when the narrator says, The seven years difference in our ages lay between us like a chasm I wondered if these years would ever operate between us as a bridge. I was remembering, and it made it hard to catch my breath, that I had been there when he was natural and I had heard the first explicates he had ever spoken. When he started to walk, he walked from our mother straight to me. I caught him just before he fell when he took the first steps he ever took in this world. (259). This insinuates that Sonnys brother wants to mend the opening that has devel oped in their relationship with one another and attempt to get closer to Sonny. In the article Alice Walkers Everyday Use by Nancy Tuten, she states It is not surprising, then, that Mama, mistrustful of language expresses herself in the climactic scene of the story not through words but through deeds she HUGS Maggie to her, DRAGS her in the mode where Dee sits holding the quilts, SNATCHES the quilts from Dee, and DUMPS them into Maggies lap.Only as an afterthought does she speak at all, telling Dee to take one or two of the others. Mamas actions, not her words, silence the daughter who has, up to this point, used language to consider others and separate herself from the community Mama tells us that Dee turns and leaves the room without a word. This quote depicts an image of tension and anger because Mama is not using her words to express her anger, but instead through actions. We can distinctly see now that there is indeed a rift between Dee and the rest of her family, but Dee i s not willing to mend the wounds in their relationship.Despite the differences in sibling/family relations brought up in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues and Alice Walkers Everyday Use, they have the selfsame(prenominal) view on family ties and the way they view family. Every family is different regardless of race, ethnicity, or what have you. Every individual is different and the same in their own ways. That is why the contrast between two sweet brothers and two conflicting sisters and mother will all have their differences and similarities. Some characteristics will just be more dominant, but you both will share the good times and hard times.

The Evolution of Islam Judaism and Christianity

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the most recognize and popular religions around the globe. The three religions are in some shipway precise similar while at the same time very diverse. Collectively all three religions are monotheistic which means the teaching in one God, creator of the Universe who hears the prayers of his corporate trustfuls. The Jews believe that God make a pact with their ancestors, the Hebrews, saying that they are the chosen ones. They await the issuing if the Messiah. The Christians believe that God in the form of Jesus came to e fine arth and effected the Christian church amongst his apostles.The Muslims accept two the Jewish Messiah and the Christian Jesus, but in turn believe that their profit Muhammad was the last and superlative sent by God. The religions are all of book, and wipe out written records of Gods words. The Jews have the Hebrew Bible, the Christians have the New and Old Testament of the Christian word of honor which includes the Hebrew Bible, and the Muslims have the Quran. One of the first major Jewish architectural excogitations known is the First Temple in Jerusalem.This synagogue was built to house the Ark of the Covenant by King Soloman back in the 10th century, it afterward became a place for the Jewish to worship. However it was destroyed by the Babylonians, the deal where exiled and the Ark stolen. There was another grand temple built after the toss off was returned to the Jews by Cyrus the Great of Persia, but again destroyed by the Romans. The temple was said to be made of imported wood and was supported by dickens large bronze pillars. A big part of Judaism is the educations of the religion, they benefit in creates called Synagogues for this very purpose.These buildings were used by Jewish men women and children to claim the Torah, and was also used for social gatherings. Before buildings were specifically built for this purpose, they would stomach in private homes or anywhere Torah sc rolls were kept and read. Then the social structure of house worry buildings began. One of the first has an assembly hall, a courtyard, and a separate room for women, soon after residential rooms were added. The two architectural features that distinguished the assembly hall from the other rooms were big benches lining the walls, and a place for the scrolls.Jews also built meeting places like that of the Roman basilica. This included an aisle on two sides and separated from this an apsis adorned with Torah scrolls and facing east. Once Christianity was recognized by the government its figure grew rapidly, more specifically amongst the wealthy. Early Christian art is described as style and imagery of the Jewish and Roman visual traditions, this is called syncreatism. Artist contribute images from past traditions and give them their own purpose. The most famous is what is known as the Good Shepard.Before it was a depiction of Orpheus amongst his animals, or sometimes considered a personification of philanthropy. However in the time of early Christianity, this same image became a depiction of the Good Shepard of the book of Psalms. Most early Christian art is very rare and depicted either God, his son Jesus, or the beatified Ghost. Some of the few remains of art work are in catacombs which is where the dead were buried. The most famous of these are found where two Christians who were martyred for their faith are buried.The art work of their cubicula, or small room created for the deceased, is a painting of the Good Shepard. Under to painting are the words I am a good Shepard. A good Shepard lays down his carriage for the sheep. , and around the painting are smaller paintings depicting the story of jinx and the sea monster. Early Muslim architects were influenced by the Romans and the Byzantines. They began to build large rime of mosques, palaces, and shrines. Of these buildings one of the most famous and recognized is the Dome of the stimulate, or Har am Al-Sharif.The building site is said to be the place where Muhammad rose to the Heavens to be with God. This site also has important value to both Jews and Christians. For the Jews this is the site where both First and Second Jewish temples were built and destroyed. For the Christians this site marks the creation of Adam and where the patriarch Abraham was sent to kill his son by God. Because both Jewish and Christian faiths have history here, the building of the Dome of the Rock is the first architectural statement by Islam that it completes the other religions.

Research Reading Newspaper Habits

I. Introduction B. ground of the Study countersignpapers patron to improve teaching enjoyments, association and aw atomic offspring 18ness. They cornerstone be come a voice of good study uses for applymans in any atomic number 18a of specialization. Malaysia is a developing country with many ethnic communities who wish to live to describeher. Efforts to process cultural adaptation problems should be multi-dimensional and long term. Nowadays many students argon non conscious(predicate) alert with the cultivation surrounding and the live b different that happened in the world and Malaysia especi completelyy.Therefore, we atomic number 18 rightfully believed that by culture the composition lead military service student especially to puddle their liveledge. A composition is usually an eitherday publication. It contains news, opinions, advertisements, notice and training of all kinds. It similarly publishes all matters of general interest. It is a very useful mass medium. It keeps people awargon active the current til nowts of the world. It publishes views approximately national and international prints and public opinion. commodity legal injurys, sh be market reports, race course events, sports news, news ab protrude films, fashions and entertainments argon or so of its regular features.Newspapers turn out overly columns for children and women and even for the students preparation for examination. In fact, a theme is an encyclopaedia, a store house of association and selective learning at the cheapest toll. Thus a theme bears interest of every subdivision of people and is an attr accomplish for every kind of coners. C. Problem Statement By telling the publisher we really ensure that on that point ar primary(prenominal) for college students, whose leases being up to date with the issue around them. much of them ar not taking serious with the knowledge that happened and the levels of their knowledge of the cu rrent issues atomic number 18 very low.That entrust institutionalise the negative effect of their knowledge of current issues and might be effect when they want to chance on the transmission line in the coming(prenominal). D. Purpose The decision of this report is to study the theme admiting habits among part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. E. Objective The objectives of the report are to investigate the paper engageing habits of Part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka and recommend the action that should be taken to enhance these habits among the students. F. Signifi great dealt Report I. To the tellersThis enquiry is hoped to give hands to students in measuring their level of global and current issue knowledge by schooling the composition. It also helps them to improve their languages and communication adroitness weakness by schooling the newspaper publishers. This research is a guide to dower college students take charge of their learning in their university environment, by capitalizing on their pauperization arising from curiosity. It helps students net income independence from the lecture-study-exam system, with a resulting sense of thinking I know my stuff.The guide argues that many students who do not work to their analogously have a low consciousness of behaviours that contribute to academic success. II. To the researchers This research will give the researcher some knowledge about the factors that act UiTM students of yarn habits. The researcher will get experience collectible to pic to the real situation as it require researcher to communicate straightaway to the responders. The environmental situation can be useful in the future for the researcher in dealing with the real environment. III. To the facultyWith this study, the researchers expect that faculty will develop strategic solutions regarding newspaper edition habits if we effectuate out that just about of the students have newspaper take uping habits are very low. Furthermore, this study also can assist other students to gather nurture and make water author to findings from past research. G. Limitations This study has some(prenominal) limitations which are I. The exemplification of the study The sample of the study was too small since and taken at UiTM KBM, further involve business faculty. It is also limited within part 4 students.The information and feedback were obtained solo from small group of population ca apply in narrow result. II. Data collection manner The result of this research is limited ascribable to unless one of data collection manner applied. The research exactly use questionnaire to collect data from responder. It also whitethorn raise the happening of dishonesty in answering the questionnaire. III. Data Analysis The psychoanalysis only uses frequency and percentage as method of mensuration of findings. It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. I. Procedural Methods A.P rimary sources data 1. Questionnaires This questionnaire is about newspaper reading habits. The pop the question of this abide by is to investigate the newspaper reading habits among part 4 students in UiTM KBM. The information of this report was obtained through a survey in which 50 questionnaire were distributed to part 4 students at UiTM in this campus. There are 50 questions in this survey that can help the respondents to know about how well they gain their knowledge and also can discover their areas that will make them attract to read the newspapers.The scale of measurement of this survey is liked and multiple choices scale. B. Secondary data We also used secondary sources of data to get more information in ordinance to complete this research. The sources of data that we have used are journal and clause that we had obtain from the internet. These articles and journal has helped lots in finding good reviveences and information that can be used in this research. II. Data Anal ysis The analysis only uses frequency, number and percentage as method of measurement of findings.It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. III. Main Findings It was put together that The finding report such as follows inquire 1 attend 4. 1 The forecast 4. 1 shows that 12 of students are powerfully jibe that they love to read newspaper but only 16 of students total. On the other hand, 12 of students indicate neutral and only 10 students who are dis admit about this statement. however there is null number of student who strongly disagree that they love to read newspaper. fit in to the graph, virtuallyly UiTM KBM students agree that they love to read newspaper.The students will read newspaper at to the lowest degree once a month rather than not read it at all. This finding shows that the newspaper reading habit among Uitm KBM students is good. QUESTION 2 hear 4. 2 The direct 4. 2 shows that 3 of students are strongly agree that they read newspaper every morning a nd only 11 students who are agree. However, 23 students are neutral and 12 students disagree that they read newspaper every morning. But only 1 student who is strongly disagreeing read newspaper every morning. The graph shows that the number of neutral students is higher han others. So this means that, there are many students still read newspaper every morning even though the students who disagree read newspaper every morning increase. This indicates that, many students still read newspaper even though there are many things that most interesting for teenagers. QUESTION 3 epithet 4. 3 The inscribe 4. 3 shows that 10 students who are strongly agree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase and the number increase to the 18 student who are agree with the price of newspaper.On the other hand, 12 students are neutral, 7 students are disagreeing and the rest is only 3 students who strongly disagree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Mostly, students are a greeing that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Even they still studying and not have higher income they still can affordable to purchase newspaper. Usually the price of newspaper is around RM1. 50. So, there is no reason why students or any people are not affording to buy newspaper. QUESTION 4 Figure 4. 4 The rule out 4. shows that 3 students are strongly hold that they have allocated some of their money to buy newspaper monthly. However, there are 15 students who are agreed and 17 students who are neutrally overtake some money to buy newspaper every month. But 10 students are disagreeing about this statement and the rest is 5 students who strongly disagree that they are not allocate some of their money to buy any newspaper monthly. Mostly, students react neutrally to spend some of their money to buy newspaper every month. This is because, as a student, they have no enough money to spend some of their money to buy newspaper monthly.They will buy it if there is e nough money for them to spend for their foods, assignments and others. QUESTION 5 Figure 4. 5 The betoken 4. 5 shows those 4 students who strongly agree and 16 students who are agree to spend their while at least 30 legal proceeding daily to read newspaper. But it is increase one number in neutral which is 17 students who are neutral to spend at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. There are 12 students who are disagree about to spent their time to read newspaper. But only one person who is strongly disagrees about this statement.Mostly, students sometime outlay their time to read newspaper in the subroutine library, buy it themselves or online the news. According to survey, many students love to spend their idle time to read newspaper. Usually, UiTM KBM students refer to read newspaper in the library when they have no sept at that time. QUESTION 6 Figure 4. 6 The figure 4. 6 shows the selection of headline among respondent of UiTM KBM students when buy the newspaper. 27% of the respondent look at neutral and disagree for the selection of headline when buy the newspaper which is they would buy the newspaper when the headline is sensationalized.Then, followed by 18% of respondent chose to agree and strongly agree buy the newspaper because of the sensationalized headline and other 10% strongly disagree about the choosing of sensationalized headline when buying the newspaper. From this question, we can see that the large amounts of respondent are disagree with the question which is choosing the sensational headline when buying the newspaper and also many of them do not recover like the sensational headline is the issue to buy the newspaper. Other than that, the other respondent shows the attraction of the sensational headline is the factor that they choose to buy the newspaper.QUESTION 7 Figure 4. 7 The figure 4. 7 shows the news in the newspaper that the respondent rate based on the informatory news in the newspaper. The higher percentage shows 37 % of the respondent agree the news is informative to them and followed by 24% of the respondent strongly agree that the news in the newspaper is informative. About 18% of the respondent feel there are few news in the newspaper is informative and 12% of the respondent disagree the news in the newspaper is informative. The least respondent which is only 10% of them strongly disagree that the news is informative.We can see from this that, the respondent will read the newspaper because they want to information and it show that they crystalise the newspaper can provide them more information. The least respondent that strongly disagree with the statement that they can get the information from the newspaper because they feel like they would prefer to get the information from other sources like internet, library and etc. QUESTION 8 Figure 4. 8 The figure 4. 8 show the respondent would choose to use both sources to know about the news that represent about 26% of them.Followed by 24 % disag ree, 19 % strongly disagree, 17% agree and only 10 % strongly agree. We can see that the respondent prefer to use both source to get what information that they want because they can get the information in newspaper if the information that they want are not shown in the television. The other side, the respondent was strongly disagree with the statement is the second highest because they think that the news also provided in the television and it is for them to understand the information that they want. QUESTION 9Figure 4. 9 The figure 4. 9 shows the statement that the respondent can get the information from newspaper and 36 percent of them answer they can gain knowledge not only from the newspaper they also can gain the knowledge from the media Massa. Followed by 32% of respondent agree with the statement, 18% strongly agree, 12% disagree, and only 4% strongly disagree. We can see that they feel easy to gain knowledge from the newspaper because most of the respondents give a positive answer to the question. QUESTION 10 Figure 4. 10The figure 4. 10 shows the respondent whether they give or not reading newspaper as a part of the life. Many of them feel like they want to dedicate it as a part of their life and also try other method to be a habit on gaining the knowledge. We can see that the highest respondent chooses to practice reading newspapers as a part of their life which is 36%. Followed by 22% of respondent agree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life because they can gain more knowledge and also improve their reading skill. 8 percent of the respondent strongly disagree with the practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life, followed by 14% disagree and only 12% strongly disagree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life. QUESTION 11 Figure 4. 11 From the figure 4. 11 it was rear that out of 50 respondents, they have chosen parents that influenced them to read the newspaper which contributed 62%. The 12 re spondents agree that their peers were influenced them to read the newspaper. Next 8% of the respondents are believe that the lecturer in the university have been influences them to read the newspapers.However, 3 of the respondent tell that they self and seeking of the information needed are the factors that influenced them to read newspapers. QUESTION 12 Figure 4. 12 From the figure 4. 12, it was found that the majority of the respondents are read newspaper for 2-3 propagation in a week. The14 respondents are been chosen that they only read newspaper for 1 time in a week. Then the10 respondents are read the newspaper for 4-5 times in a week. However, there are 8 respondents only read the newspaper for everyday (6-7 times). QUESTION 13 Figure 4. 13 From the figure 4. 3, it was found that the majority of the respondents have been chosen that they are more prefer to the newspaper. The 15 of the respondents are more prefer to the news online. The next 14 of our respondents are preferr ed on the both types of the newspaper to getting the information and knowledge. QUESTION 14 Figure 4. 14 From the figure 4. 14, it was found that the most of the respondents are choosing Harian Metro as their favourite newspaper. The 22% of our respondents are choosing News Strait Times. The next 18% of our respondents are choosing The Star.The rest of the respondents are express other newspaper as their favourite newspaper such as Berita Harian, Utusan, Kosmo and Sinar Harian as the choice. QUESTION 15 Figure 4. 15 From the figure 4. 15, it was found that the majority of the respondents are loved to read News section when they are reading the newspaper. The 32% of the respondents are chosen the Sport section. Then the 28% of the respondents are chosen the Entertainment section every time they read newspaper. The respondent number 17 are choosing Others (he or she are not specify their answer) as their favourite section in the newspaper.QUESTION 16 Figure 4. 16 From the figure 4. 1 6 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the known method that newspaper use to attract readers. 50% which is 25 out of 50 respondents choose sensational headline as a newspaper famous method. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose being more creative in packaging the information as a newspaper famous method. moreover 9 respondents which is 18% choose do survey of people readership habits method as a newspaper famous method and none of them choose others. QUESTION 17 Figure 4. 17 From the figure 4. 7 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the best benefits that they can get from reading newspaper. 56% which is 28 out of 50 respondents choose new information benefit that they can get from reading newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 choose increase confident level as benefit. Only 5 respondents which are 10% choose improve language and communicative ability as benefit that they can get from reading newspaper and none of t hem choose others. QUESTION 18 Figure 4. 18 From the figure 4. 18 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the barrier that may hinder them from reading newspaper. 2% which is 21 out of 50 respondents choose lack of awareness as barrier to them from reading newspaper. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose limited time as barrier to them due to a lot of assignment and pack schedule. Only 13 respondents which are 26% choose information obtained from other sources as barrier for them to read newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 19 Figure 4. 19 From the figure 4. 19 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students frequently in visiting the UiTM KBM library for the purpose of reading newspaper. 42% hich is 21 out of 50 respondents will go to the library only at their free periods to read newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 said none of them visited the library for the purpose of reading newspaper. Only 14 out of 50 respondents which ar e 28% said they had visited the library once only and none of them choose others. QUESTION 20 Figure 4. 20 From the figure 4. 20 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students impression towards newspaper run rendered by the UiTM KBM. 38% which is 19 out of 50 respondents had rate good and poor impression equally.Next, 22% which is 11 respondents out of 50 had rate excellent on newspaper operate rendered by the UiTM KBM and only 1 respondent which is 2% had choose others as his or her impression. . IV. Main Conclusion This research investigated the newspaper reading habits among the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. The primary data were collected by the randomly distributing questionnaires to 50 students. As a mention earlier in the introduction, the purpose of this study was to investigate the newspaper reading habits among student to gain their knowledge.The following(a) conclusions can be draw from the study. To begin with, this study can be that the part 4 student s in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka are still not make reading newspapers to be their habits. In addition, we are believed that the students are not really using the facilities given by the university. They still give some reasons on the refusing reading the newspaper. Therefore parents, lecturer, peers and communities surrounding have to take action to escaped their eyes that to prove by reading the newspaper they will gain their knowledge that can be use for their future.Otherwise, the student will be lack of the knowledge of current issue around them. However, these findings are only true for the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka students and cannot be generalized to other university students. The same study need to be conducted with students from other universities to see if there are any similarities with the factors that will influence of newspaper reading habits and the effect of that to the student itself for he or she in the future. V. Recommendations Based on the findings and co nclusion of the study, the following are the several recommendations to increase the newspaper reading habits.Library users read newspaper to get the up-to-the-minute information about what is happening around. Newspaper is essential for university students but due to the enormous explosion of information published in the form of newspapers in different languages in particular, it is impossible for libraries to subscribe all that is published at the national and international levels. Under these circumstances the best way of dowery the users is by proper display of newspaper and notifying users about new information related to education.In library there should be adequate newspaper to hasten reading habits. This study help librarians understand the importance of newspapers and improve the services related to the newspapers. In order to maintain and raise the newspaper reading habit among the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka, the other suggestions and recommendation is to promote news paper reading habit among other students in this campus. Besides that, electronic newspapers are more help to read all information in a very rook period. So, students can read newspaper every time and everywhere.Online newspapers also may help to find out latest development in heterogeneous fields, employment news and other important news to improve their knowledge skills. On the other hand, the educational institutions should motivate and give opportunity to the students for read online newspapers and improve their knowledge skills. Besides that, as a student, they have to find and make more time for reading, always have a book or newspaper around, set a reading goal, keep a log, keep a list and build your own strategy and descent everything read.VI. References Norazman Abdul Majid, M. A. (2012). Academic Report Writing From Research to Presentation (Updated Second Edition). Kuala Lumpur learner Hall. Kumar, D. (2011). Retrieved from Digital Common University India http//digita lcommons. unl. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1488context=libphilpracsei-redir=1referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. google. com. my%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dnewspaper%2520reading%2520habits%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D3%26ved%3D0CGEQFjAC%26url%3Dhttp%25

Philosophy and Knowledge in Nursing Essay

According to Kim (1999), intimacy phylogenesis in care for is obtained through descriptive, conjectureive, and criticizing ourselves. We strive to correct and break ourselves and practice through self-reflection and critiquing. This develops our nursing cognition about practices and helps us to suck up in sh atomic number 18d learning. We do this by generating models of good practice and theories of application. We reflect by looking back at ourselves and learning what has just occurred and having a self-awareness of our practices. Kim (1999), also describes descriptive and critical phases. During the descriptive phase, descriptions of practice are examined for legitimacy and comprehensiveness (Kim, 1999). Kim (1999), also states that critique of practice regarding conflicts, distortions, and inconsistencies also increase a nurses familiarity.McCurry (2009), states that nursing as a profession has a moral mandate to contribute to the good of the society through experience ba sed practice. Knowledge is built upon theories and theories together with the philosophical bases and disciplinary goals are the framework for practice. According to Grace and Perry (2013), philosophical inquiry remains critically important for nursing education, practice, and knowledge development. This is attained through three take aims. direct I is cultivating and attitude of critical consciousness related to all nursing situations and actions. Level II is the analysis and application of philosophical perspectives to nursing problems and level III is generating new knowledge such as theories. And according to Gillespie and Paterson, (2009), knowledge acquisition and utilization is reflected in the use of knowing rather than knowledge. In using our previously obtained knowledge, we can reflect in our practices and grow.ReferencesGillespie, M., Paterson, B.L. (2009). Helping dilettante nurses make effective clinical decisions the situated clinical decision-making framework. Nur sing breeding Perspective, 12, 164-170. Grace,P.J., Perry, D.J. (2013). Philosophical inquiry and the goals of nursing a critical approach fordiscipline, knowledge development, and action. Advances in Nursing Sciences, 2, 64-79. Kim, H.S. (1999). Critical reflective inquiry for knowledge development in nursing practice. Journal ofAdvanced Nursing, 29, 1205-1212.McCurry, M. K., Hunter-Revell, S.M, and Roy, C. (2009). Knowledge for the good of the several(prenominal) and society linking philosophy, disciplinary goals, theory, and practice. Nursing Philosophy, 11, 42-52.

Essay about citizenship †Citizenship in Sao Paulo’s Favelas

IntroductionSao Paulo is not only the biggest city in Brazil, but is the biggest proper in the Americas and in the southern hemisphere and not to mention, ranking seventh in call(a) of population in the hale world. Its metropolis is the second most populated in the Americas and ranks in the take ten largest in the world. This city is the capital of the tell of Sao Paulo and a squ atomic number 18 center in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment in Brazil. Sao Paulo has recorded a crucial growth compargond to other cities in Brazil in terms of population and with urbanization at 81 percent it is witnessing an increase in slum housing. This problem started in the beginning of 20th Century with the separationism that existed between the affluent, who lived in the central districts, and the poor, who lived in the secondary lying floodplains. This intention of urban settlement has removed with poor migrants moving into all city spaces. The speedy spread of slums began in the 1980s with the development of favelas in the urban peripheries and the cortices. Currently, the favelas ar the dominant form of settlement and have broken its confinement into all parts of Sao Paulo, the irregular citizens of the city. There has been an ongoing conflict between the residents of favelas and the popular authorities be go of the encroachment into the atomic number 18as valued by the property market. In addition, the favelas ar slowly being driven into the poorest, most peripheral and dangerous areas detached of rudimentary urban function, such(prenominal) as water system, power, education. This paper intends to reveal that this insurgence is a conflict of citizenship and not just instrumental outcry and abandon. Citizenship in this case refers to recognition of residents sound presence in the city and their responsibilitys to elementary urban services.Insurgency in Sao PauloSao Paulo, like many other cities in the developing countries, is not planned. Accor ding to UN Habitat (2012), intend for social consolidation is primal as it addresses policies that could or affect the poor. It is also recommended that these plans be make well in advance so as to tackle the issues onward they occur rather than as they occur. Urban planning plays a rouge role in mitigating insurgent citizenship. As aforementi stard, the peripheries of Sao Paulo were inhabited by worker back in the 1960s who constructed their homes through autoconstruction. They did this without any infrastructure this serve up is still used today as a primary direction of settling the urban poor in the city. N unitytheless, as spare, this process has do little to solve the problem of housing in the city. The city of Sao Paulo has go through rapid frugal growth, this growth, however, has been unevenly distributed among the population, and this has resulted in wide social and economic disparities. The favelas of Sao Paulo is a marked representation of these issues, with i nadequate infrastructure and urban services, emergencyiness of the rule of fairness and adequate policing, as well as violence emerging from institutionalized poerty. The city has lost its appeal of a unbiassed entity it has become a political and economic space, where the meaning of citizenship and urban animation is regularly on trial, here power relations are forcefully maneuve rose-cheeked and sustained. There are notable exemplifications where the residents of the favelas have taken action to strike ownership of the slums. Holston (2007) explains that, in 1972, the residents of Jardim das Camelias roughed up chat up officials, an incident that lead to massive arrests by the police and for a week what seemed to be a conflict between the fairness and the residents ensued supported by politicians and lawyers. This was triggered by dispossession notices that were to be delivered to the residents and which they neglected and used violence to evade, at least one person died . In 2003, an official went to Lar Nacional, to cancel one of the residents title that had been recently issued. This saw the beginning of long legal battle between the residents of the favelas and the court system. They had learnt to organize themselves as a unit, neighborhood association. The court officials intention was to demand the cancellation of the title as a result of an anomalousness in measurements. The title was issued through adverse possession a legal route of acquiring an original title by proving possession over an uninterrupted period. The residents spent more than a decade petitioning the judiciary for such validation, and it was a historical case as the firstly to return favorably decided, the resident was issued a modern title, site plan, as well as tax number. Moreover, this insurgent citizenship came out of the peripheries and the favelas into the civic square, with the elections of 2002, the country witnessed one of the residents of the favelas rises to t he highest sanction of the the three estates. Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, of the Workers Party (PT) grew up poor in the urban peripheries of Sao Paulo, and this seemed as a victory for those who lived in these areas as they filled the central spaces of Sao Paulo with the red banners calling for citizenship.CitizenshipIt is critical to understand the condition of working tell apart citizenship in Sao Paulo to examine the ontogenesis of the citizenship in the favelas. Wolfe (2014) points at the item that the establishment of a working class in Sao Paulo revolves around the long- clip relationship between land, advertize, and law that exist in land policies. These were meant to bring forth a picky kind of work force in addition to illegalities that result in settlements as well as legalization of property claims. Such illegalities resemble the current ones in the peripheries. The only difference is that this happens with an unexpected result that in the end generates a plain for mulation of citizenship. According to Holston (2007), the elites in the nineteenth Century introduced a regime of citizenship to strengthen their hold of power in the refreshing formed nation state. In this process, they used social differences, such as education, race, gender to induce different treatment to different share of citizenship. This was the beginning gradation of rights among the citizens, and here rights were based on segregation, there were reliable sections treated better than others. It is this system that created the citizenship of inclusive membership, but largely inegalitarian in distribution. For the elite to maintain the differentiated treatment to citizens after the countrys independence and the abolition of the hard worker trade, they came up with a dual divided solution. They ensured direct suffrage and made it voluntary, but at the same time circumscribed it to those who could read and write. This restriction made the electorate much smaller, furtherm ore in the constitution there was an elimination of the citizens rights to basic education that provided them with some limited education. This restriction denied the citizens of their political citizenship for a long time until 1985 when it was repealed. According to Holston (2007), after the repeal, the elites still longed to control civil and economic matters. They established a realistic estate industry that facilitated legitimate the ownership of private property and one that supported free labor immigration. In addition, they created high price for the land and made takes low to restrict the many workers legal approach shot to land forcing them to basically be source of cheap labor. The two citizenships genuine in tandem and became restrictive as the country changed from a slave based nation to a republic based on wage labor. The regimes that followed in the 20th century followed this paradigm establishing an inclusively inegalitarian citizenship and adopting it to a moder n accompaniment. It incorporate the emerging labor force in the urban areas into a reinvigorated arena of labor law devoid of embodyity. According to , inclusively inegalitarian citizenship was the cause of the insurgency. Inegalitarian citizenship object lesson of inequality in his theory can be disapproved more so in the context of it use. If the residents of the favelas are unequal, that has not stopped them from moving up the economic and political ladder. Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva is a good example of this scenario he was raised in the favelas and emerged as the head of state. Therefore, the insurgence is not in demand for autonomy, but for residence and more so for the poor. The cause for the insurgency was lack of planning that takes into consideration the workers and the poor of the city. In addition, as much as Holston (2007) argues that favelas claimed their citizenship, this is far from the truth. They might have stopped constructive evictions and initiated a new p rocess of issuance of titles, but this calls for a redefinition of citizenship. Citizenship calls for recognition of the rights of to each one and every resident, as part of the urban populace they have equal democratic right to environmental health as well as basic dungeon conditions. The rights herein refer to basic urban services including but not limited to water, sanitation, power, and education. The favelas inhibit provision of these basic services, first of all it is not easy to gauge the population in these areas for planning purposes they are not only congested, but also risky as a result of high crime rates. In addition, the houses constructed in favelas are not planned and are informal hence it is operose to twainer them for the provision of certain services such as good roads, drainage, water supply and even power. These conditions render the favelas by default inaccessible to basic urban services. Furthermore, Holstons (2007) approach explores cultural phenomena, a nd he makes a ingratiatory case. There seems to be another problem in the favelas that have a direct bearing on the limited citizenship of the favela residents. There is a need for a clear ethnographic analysis of the key players in these areas, and Holston (2007) fails do provide this. The favelas have been invaded by cartels that would rather have them remain the way they are for business purposes. First, the drug cartels, they have a system of immoral leadership. These criminal gangs have control over most areas of the favelas making it difficult for the residents to receive much needed services due to fear. The middle class and the upper classes are of the opinion that favelas are loci of violence and the epicenter of criminality. This belief is further perpetuated by the state officials as well as the law enforcement that result to a repressive approach, from regular police raids to forceful eviction of large populations and razing the structures. These actions are usually j ustified by the unmixed fact that the favelas are crime hotspots. Criminal gangs and activities play a significant role in preventing accessibility into the favelas, this leads to the government shortsightedness, police unaccountability, and most important lack of opportunities and services for the residents relegating them to a state of inegalitarian citizenship.Rights in Sao Paulo FavelasThe emergence of citizenship in Sao Paulos public spheres forced the authorities to relook into these new urban conditions by allowing new kinds and sources of rights. These brought to the forefront issues of substance and scope that were previously ignored by the states current laws and institutions. The new citizenship rights developed at the edge of the manifested assumptions of governance they resolved the new common and personal spaces of frequent life among the economically challenged in the favelas the rights concerned men, women as well as the children and established work to give state services. The most notable fact of the rights is that they introduced reconceptualization, what Holston (2007) refers to as the greatest historical innovation of these rights. The proponents of these rights had initially thought of them as entitlements of general citizenship, as opposed to a differentiated category of citizens. In this regard, the emergence of participatory publics in the favelas introduced and established new understanding and make for of citizenship rights as well as expanding substantive citizenship to new social frontier. The al-Qaida of rights, therefore, is a combination of new and old formulations. In addition, these rights are subjected to change in concepts. Nonetheless, there is a presentation of a mixture of rights that allow treatment rights, contributor rights, as well as constitutional rights. It is evident that few people refer to constitutions and laws and if they do it was to complain and that, with the exception of labor rights, most were not a pplicable. The concept of rights as a privileged few is grounded in several incarnations, entrenched in the system of differentiated citizenship. In other words, citizenship remains a means for the distribution and legitimizing inequality. This concept was prevalent in the post constitution favelas being used more than the insurgent one of generalized text-based rights. The generalized text, based rights, proposes that the residents of favelas have unconditional rights and that their rights are not based on personal, social or moral status. This sets the dot for the establishment of and the achievement of a more equalitarian citizenship. However, as the residents of favelas are organized in groups, propagates the concept of contributor rights one that adopts both systems of citizenship. This is because the autoconstruction in the favelas was not all inclusive it excluded some residents. Despite this fact, it was recognized as the builder of the peripheries and emphasized the self-d etermination and accomplishment of the people in the favelas both at the individual and group level. In addition, autoconstruction promoted a universal citizenship distinct from the differentiated pattern. In the current peripheries, all the three concepts were significant in the development of citizenship.ConclusionThis paper has highlighted the concept of citizenship, applying it to the city of Sao Paulo. The paper reveals that the insurgency witnessed in most of the informal settlements in the city are not mere instrumental outcry and violence, but a conflict of citizenship. As the city developed, there was no proper planning that took into consideration the low income earners or even the settlements that were earlier created by the workers. Therefore, there has been the emergence of new citizenship in Sao Paulos public spheres forced the authorities to look into these new urban conditions by allowing new kinds and sources of rights. The insurgency introduced new ways of accessin g the situation these brought to the forefront issues of substance and scope that were previously ignored by the states current laws and institutions. The new citizenship rights developed at the edge of the manifested assumptions of governance. Citizenship as examined in the paper calls for recognition of the rights of each and every resident of the city, as part of the urban populace they have equal democratic right to environmental health as well as basic living conditions.BibliographyAvritzer, A., 2004. A Participacao em Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo Editora Unesp. Conceicao, A., 2010. RMSP supera 20 milhoes de habitantes, calcula Seade. Online Available at http//www.estadao.com.br/noticias/economia,rmsp-supera-20-milhoes-de-habitantes-calcula-seade,503095,0.htm Accessed 14 display 2014. Diken, B. & Laustsen, C.B., 2007. Sociology Through the Projector. hot York Routledge. Geo Cases, 2003. Sao Paulo Population and Slum Housing. Online Available at http//www.geocases2.co.uk/printable/Hou sing%20in%20Sao%20Paulo.htm Accessed 14 March 2014. Holston, J., 2007. freedom fighter citizenship in an era of orbiculate urban peripheries. Online Available at http//www.publicspace.org/es/texto-biblioteca/eng/b001-insurgent-citizenship-in-an-era-of-global-urban-peripheries Accessed 15 March 2014. Holston, J., 2007. Insurgent Citizenship Disjunctions of Democracy and Modernity in Brazil. Princeton Princeton University Press. Human Rights Watch, 2009. Lethal Force patrol Violence and Public Security in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. upstart York Human Rights Watch. McCann, B., 2006. The semipolitical Evolution of Rio de Janeiros Favelas Recent Works. Latin American Re, pp.149-63. Santos, B.d.S., 1995. Toward a New Common Sense Law, Science and Politics in the Paradigmatic Transition. New York Routledge Routledge. The Guardian, 2002. Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. The Guardian, 27 October. UN Habitat, 2012. The Role of Urban Planning in Preventing Slums and Addressing the actual Slu ms. Online Available at http//www.mhu.gov.ma/Documents/TOP%2020/Pr%C3%A9sentations%2027%20nov/The%20role%20of%20urban%20planning%20in%20preventing%20slums%20and%20addressing%20existing%20slums.pdf Accessed 15 March 2014. Wakefield, E.G., 1968. A letter from Sydney. In The collected works of Edward Gibbon Wakefield. Glasgow Collins. Wolfe, J., 2014. running(a) Women, Working Men Sao Paulo & the Rise of Brazils Industrial Working Class, 19001955. Duke University Press.

Chemical bond Essay

Answer the pursuance questions in your own words, using complete sentences. Based on your observations in the lab, categorize each unidentified compound as noodle or covalent. Explain in one or two sentences why you categorised the compounds the way that you did. (5 points)Based on my observations in the lab I categorized Substance A and Substance C as an ionic bonds because the solids bustt conduct electricity but when in liquid subject and aqueous solutions, electricity was conducted. I categorizedsubstances B and D as covalent bonds because the solids conduct electricity but the liquid pronounce and aqueous solution do not.Explain, in your own words, the differences between ionic and covalent bonding that account for the differences in their melting points. (4 points) Ionic bonds typically suck much higher melting points than covalent bonds because of their crystal-like structures. The bondage is much much complex and requires higher heat to break than a covalent whose bo nds argon broken relatively easy.In order to conduct an electrical current, a substance must have charged particles (ions or electrons) that argon free-moving (able to crusade about throughout the sample).Why do you gestate ionic compounds be not able to conduct electricity as solids, even though they can as liquids and in solution? (2 points) I think ionic compounds cant conduct electricity as solids because the particle are all packed together and have no room to live on freely as opposed to the particle when in liquid state or solutions.Based on your research and observations, why do you think pure (distilled) water does not conduct electricity but tip off water usually does? (2 points)I think this is because tap water contains more(prenominal) ions than distilled water allowing it to conduct electricity. I also think the minerals that dissolve in the water have a lot to do with the conductivity.

Malaysian Cyber Law and Electronic Government Law

SMK GERIK JALAN KUALA KENDERONG 33300 GERIK. PERAK CONSTRUCT CODE LA3. S07. 1 CURRENT AND afterlife DEVELOPMENT IN NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS nomineeS NAMENURUL SHAZLIN BINTI SULAIMAN CANDIDATES IC960717-06-5978 ASSESSORS NAMENOR AZLINA BINTI OTHMAN ASSESSORS SIGNATURE DATE OF SUBMISSION Index Bil Content Page 1 Introduction 4 2 runny reckon 2. 1 interpretation 5 2. 2 Specifications, Services, and Frequencies of sprightly Computing 5 3 meshwork Technology and Services 3. 1 VoIP 6 3. 2 BLOG 6 4 Types of Ne devilrk 4. 1 PAN 7 4. 2 VPN 7 4. 3 receiving set local atomic publication 18a electronic interlocking 8 4. 4 WIMAX 8 Conclusion 9 Reference 9 1. INTRODUCTION 2. MOBILE COMPUTING 3. 1. Definiton 3. 2. Specification, services, and frequencies of Mobile Computing 3. INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES 4. 3. VoIP 4. 4. BLOG 4. TYPES OF NETWORK 5. 5. PAN 5. 6. VPN 5. 7. WLAN 5. 8. WIMAX 5. CONCLUSION REFERENCE 1. 0 INTRODUCTION A information processing system ne twork and communication is definedas a collection of computers and thingummys machine-accessible by communication theory channels that facilitates communications among users and allowsusers to share resources with opposite users. Computer Network A computer network is a system of interconnected computers and peripheral devices.For example, it whitethorn connect computers, printers, scanners and cameras. Using computer hardware and software, these interconnected calculate devices can decease with each other through defined rules of information communications. In a network, computers can exchange and share information and resources. A computer network whitethorn operate on wired connections or tunercommunication connections. When two or more networks are linked or connected and are able to communicate with unrivaled another victimisation suitable hardware and software, it is called an internetwork. Communications Communications is about the transfer of information from a s give the axeer, crosswise a distance, to a receiver.Using electricity, radio waves or light, information and data in the form of codes are transmitted through a physical fair such(prenominal) as wire, argument, or even the atmosphere. Therefore, in order to charter communications possible from computers, across telephones and radios and back to computers and other digital devices again, thither must be a signal translator, which we call-a modem. The modem, which is short for modulator or demodulator, converts digital signals into analog and back again into digital signals for information to move across the telephone line. Computer NetworkCommunications 2. 0 MOBILE COMPUTING 2. Definition Mobile computing refers to the use of small and portable computing devices in wireless enabled networks that exit wireless connections to a internet or central important server. These devices include laptops, notebook PCs, tablet PCs, palmtops, personal digital assistant (PDAs) and other hand held devices. A radio-signaling device is installed inside these devices for receiving and transmitting electronic data. Mobile computing has enabled users to remain connected while on the move. High end users can opt for satellite based networking which provides wireless connectivity anywhere in the sphere.However, this technology is costly and testament take many years to cause as affordable as Wi-Fi and WiMax. 2. 2Specification, services, and frequencies of Mobile Computing The latest 4G device fromT- nimble is the Samsung galaxy S4G. This phone works on T-Mobiles HSPA+ 4G network, which uses a different technical standard than Sprint or Verizon radio 4G networks. The SamsungGalaxy S 4Gis the wireless carriers firstsmartphone that is capable of delivering theoretical peak download speeds of up to 21 Mbps while in one of T-Mobiles 4G coverage areas.In addition to fast speeds, theGalaxy S 4G has a large, 4-inch display, aSamsung 1GHz Cortex A8 Hummingbird processor, and a prei nstalled 16GB microSD memory card. akin other phones inthe Galaxy S line, this phone overly has Samsungs superior AMOLED touchscreen display. 3. 0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES 3. 1VoIP VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is refered as the transmission of voice traffic over IP-based networks. There are triple ways to connect to a VoIP network which is by using a VoIP telephone, using a normal telephone with a VoIP adapter and using a computer with speakers and microphone. . 2BLOG A blog (web log or weblog) is one of the popular activities on the Internet. Most of these blogs are publicly shared and the autors oft update the content on a regular basis. Blog is normally referred to the text produced by author about his or her thoughts, experiences or interest. The world of blogging is referred as blogosphere. Another new term is the blogonomics, which refers to people using the blogosphere to recall money. The posts to a blog are usually arranged in this order, the well-nigh recent entries will always be on top of the journal. . 0 TYPES of NETWORK 4. 1PAN A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices including PCs, laptops, printers, telephones, digital cameras, mobile phone, painting game consoles and personal digital assistants, close to one person. PAN may be wired with USB port, Firewire port, Infrared(IrDA) and Bluetooth technologies. Bluetooth is the popular wireless PAN used by most people, especially the mobile phone technologies, and it applies the IEEE 802. 15. 1 standards. 4. 2VPNA Virtual orphic Network (VPN) is a network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the internet, to remote offices or individuals with secure access to their organisations private network. VPN uses tunnelling mechanism to maintain privacy and security of the data. Tunnelling means transmiting data packets across a public network. VPN is often used by companies to provide access from their int ernal network resources to their home or mobile workers. 4. 3WLAN Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a type of LAN that uses high-frequency radio waves to communicate between nodes.WLAN improves user mobility, speed and scalability to move around deep down a broad coverage area and still be connected to the network. The IEEE standard for Wireless Lans is 802. 11. 4. 4WIMAX Worlwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is the industry term for broadband wireless access network that is developed based on the IEEE 802. 16 standard. WiMAX is a Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) technology that will connect WiFi hotspots to the Internet and provides a wireless extension to cable and DSL for larger broadband access.WiMAX would operate similar to WiFi save at higher speeds, over greater distances and for a greater number of users. A WiMAX system will have two major move * A WiMAX base station, similar in concept to a mobile phone tower. * A WiMAX receiver installed at home. 5. 0 CONCLUSION As a brief conclusion, computer network and communication are expanding speedily each and everyday making sharing of information trilion times pause before they exist. Mobile computing is now getting edgier by the day. red-hot technologies are being implemented, tested and apply in mobile computing making us and the future another step closer.The internet is also getting better along the lines of the information age. Meanwhile, types of network available for us adding it on top of making computer networks and communications the new top hat friend. REFERENCE * http//hothardware. com/Reviews/Samsung-Galaxy-S-4G-Review/ * http//blog. propertycrown. com/najib-leaves-for-new-york-seeks-investments/ * http//smklunduictclass. blogspot. com/2012/07/3511-describe-c-types-of-network. html * http//www. escotal. com/Images/computer/PAN. png * http//www. mywistore. com/images/Brent%20Lovett%20060809_WiMax. gif

Technological Advancement of the 19th Century

The end of the nineteenth century brought about a huge change in the way the fall in States worked as a republic, making the United States the valets most productive nation. The nation as a whole was advancing rapidly and new inventions were carry about new ways of life. Due to the invention railroads and efficient machinery, in that respect was a rise in hulky businesses which were looking to spread out as much as possible. Initially, nearing the end of the nineteenth century, railroads covered majority of the United States.Railroads calmed the tension of transporting goods and materials, helping further the production of goods. The invention of railroads was the seed that helped big businesses rick. The making of railroads efficiently helped move large, bulk items that contributed to further drop the represent of transporting goods to the national market. During this time, Cornelius Vanderbilt, a railroad magnate gained great power and fortunes from merger smaller rail li nes into national corporations.The invention of railroads itself sparked the railroad industry and helped to press down transportation prices in an already suppressed economy. Likewise, the invention of railroads not scarce promoted goods but it as well promoted the brand name industry. With railroads being constructed hastily, the trade name industry and create a big boom and almost became a major industry. The brand name business was managed by a man named Andrew Carnegie and this big boom in the industry made the steel business flourish which made Carnegie rich.Times changing with the invention of the railroad and people looking for work gave businesses the advantage to expand and rise. Carnegie bought up all the iron mines and took on coal as a partner for his industry to lead in the steel industry. He produced steel cheaply and lowered his prices, which allowed him buy out any other steel company which made his company expand and be dominant in the steel industry, thus monopolizing the industry in a process cognize as vertical integration.Furthermore, with the combination of proficient machinery and continental railroads, they both helped to pee-pee not only fast transportation and better consumer products but it also helped to build a nation. The United States was becoming an urban nation by the end of the 19th century. Railroads supplied cities and towns with food, fuel, building materials, and access to markets. Railroads even helped shape the somatic growth of cities and towns. Railroads also attracted many tourists to the United States and helped provide many cities with merchandise goods.In summation, in response to the Industrial Age, the United States changed and adapted in legion(predicate) ways. Machinery and industrialization helped stimulate the United States economy, furthered urban expansion and helped the United States grow into the business world it is today. The United States was and still is advancing and leading the world a s the most productive nation, making the Industrial Age star of the biggest impacts in American history. As a last survey, who would have thought that a nation could be built from just a fair railroad built from steel?