The Systematic Study of Organizational Behavior

A country's culture is the conventional behavior of a society that constitutes beliefs, customs, knowledge, and practices. Evidently, it influences human behavior, even though it is rare that it enters into their conscious thought. People depend on culture as it gives them stability, security, understanding, and the ability to respond to a given situation. Culture complements their well-being. This is why people fear change. They fear the system will become unstable, their security will be lost, they will not understand the new process, and they will not know how to respond to the new situations (Knoster, Villa ; Thousand, 2000). The organization's base depends on a company' philosophy, values, vision and goals. A company's mission and vision are its very core. This, in turn, drives the organizational culture, which is composed of the formal organization, informal organization, and the social environment. A country's culture determines the type of leadership, communication, and group dynamics within the organization. The workers perceive this as the quality of work life, which directs their degree of motivation. The final outcomes are performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and development. All these elements combine to build the archetype or framework that the organization operates from. A social system is a complex set of human relationships interacting in many ways. Within an organization, the social system includes all the people in it and their relationships to each other and to the outside world. The behaviors that come about within organizations are of utmost concern and importance. Studying these behaviors may help the consumers to comprehend why some sales agents or employees are able to introduce and sell their products and services with efficiency and effectiveness (cited in Johns, 1988). Also, the social system does not have boundaries. It exchanges goods, ideas, culture, etc. with the environment around it (cited in Knoster, Villa ; Thousand, 2000). A matter like this could become quite a balancing act. Individualism favors individual rights, loosely knit social networks, self-respect, and personal rewards and careers. One aspect begets another aspect, which is why it is integrated in nature.   Socialization or collectivism favors the group, harmony, and asks â€Å"What is best for the organization?† Organizations need people to challenge, question, and experiment while still maintaining the culture that binds them into a social system (Knoster, Villa ; Thousand, 2000). Autocratic – The basis of this model is power with a managerial orientation of authority. The employees in turn are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss. The employee need that is met is subsistence. The performance result is minimal. Custodial – The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial orientation of money. The employees in turn are oriented towards security and benefits and dependence on the organization. The employee need that is met is security. The performance result is passive cooperation. Supportive – The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation of support. The employees in turn are oriented towards job performance and participation. The employee need that is met is status and recognition. The performance result is awakened drives. Collegial – The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork. The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The employee need that is met is self-actualization. The performance result is moderate enthusiasm. Individualization is when employees successfully exert influence on the social system by challenging the culture: Less socialization and too little individualization create isolation. More socialization and too little individualization create conformity. Less socialization and too high individualization creates rebellion. While the match that organizations want to create is high socialization and high individualization for a creative environment. This is what it takes to survive in a very competitive environment having people grow with the organization, but doing the right thing when others want to follow the easy path (Knoster, Villa ; Thousand, 2000). Compensation as a motivational factor Many companies mistakenly assume that what works for one organization will work well for all organizations. Companies often attempt to create incentive programs without thinking in detail about how each program feature will best suit their targeted audience. Providing pie and ice-cream when employees desire flexible work hours, paid time off, training, or the ability to work from home is an example of a negative incentive. To facilitate the creation of a profitable program, every feature must be tailored to the participants’ interests. A successful incentive program requires clearly defined rules, suitable rewards, efficient communication strategies, and measurable success metrics. By adapting each element of the program to fit the target audience, companies are better able to engage program participants and enhance the overall program effectiveness (â€Å"Incentive†). An incentive program represents a substantial investment to most organizations. Receiving a sufficient return on that investment requires the full participation of the program participants. Incentive programs are based upon the concept that effort increases as people perceive themselves progressing towards their goal. In â€Å"The Art of Motivation: An Incentive Industry Primer,† the Incentive Marketing Association ties incentive programs to the psychological equation: Ability x Motivation = Performance. In order to properly motivate, programs must be designed to offer a variation of products and services to program participants based on their unique interests and diverse needs. Successful programs need to carefully develop their reward methods to keep participants eager to approach a new goal once they have achieved a reward (â€Å"Incentive†). In order to create an effective program, organizations must keep the overall objective in mind when considering program design and implementation. Objectives should be formed based on the organizations overall goals and should be straightforward and specific so participants clearly understand the expectations. Program objectives can vary depending on the needs of each individual organization. They must be challenging, yet achievable. If objectives are viewed as unattainable, the program will be destined for failure. Management By Objectives is crucial for a company to achieve progress and success in order to manage the company in an objective manner. With this in mind, Companies have set various standard order procedures for employees. Managers are always at the forefront of this matter. Objectives may include motivating employees, recognizing performance, persuading customers to make a purchase, or even reinforcing a marketing message. Once the program's goals have been determined, every aspect of the program must be measured against this goal in order to ensure the programs success in goal achievement. Whenever successful, objectives should provide measurable results allowing the organization to monitor performance and measure the overall success of the program. References Borne, P.A. (February 21, 2007). Organizational Behavior. Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http://www.wincustomize.com/articles.aspx?aid=144899&c=1. Incentive Marketing Association. The Art of Motivation: An Incentive Industry Primer. Retrieved December 12, 2007, from   http://incentivemarketing.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=51. Knoster, T., Villa, K.T., & Thousand, J. (2000). Restructuring for Caring and Effective Education: Piecing the Puzzle Together. A Framework For Thinking About Systems Change. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. Johns, G. (2004). Organizational Behavior: Understanding and Managing Life at Work 6th Edition. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.   

Lab motherboard

Full name and student old on all pages. All labs have to be done during lab time, in the lab room. Each lab has to be checked by the Instructor progressively during lab time. You must call your instructor to check your work and sign It whenever you reach the point asking for the Instructor's Inhalants or signature. LAB 1. Gather and Record System Information Objectives: Gather system information by observing a system use available software tools to access specific system information Activity Background: When working with a computer system, it's a good idea to know hat components are installed on the system. This lab helps you identify some of the components as you gather information by observing the system and using system tools. 1. LAB SETUP: You have three systems that you can work on.On your desk, the HP Compact 5700 system with Windows XP operating system and an Anted – Windows 7 (Sonata Ill 500 case with the Intel desktop board DIPSOS and Windows 7 Operating System). Unde r your desk you have another HP Compact 8100 system that is connected to the college network and has access to the Internet. For this lab and all other labs you will be working on the two systems located on your desk. Do not open any system yet. Inspect both of your systems. Do they have any Identification on them indicating manufacturer, model, or component Information?If so, list this Information in the space below. 2. How many CD or DVD drives does each system have? Does each one of your systems support? 4. What is the type of the mouse the systems use? 5. Open the case of the HP Compact 5700 system. How many internal hard drives does your system have? 6. How many memory modules are installed? 7. If you can state the manufacturer and model of the motherboard the system is using. 8. Boot on the HP Windows XP system and make sure Windows starts with no errors. 9. On your Windows XP desktop, click Start, then Control Panel.Double-click system to open the System Properties window. An swer the following questions. A) Which SO is installed? B) What is the version number of your computer Operating System? C) Does it have a Service pack? Which one? D) Who is the system registered to? E) According to the System Properties, what type of CPU is your system using? 10. Close all windows. On your desktop double-click on My Computer icon. A) Including hard drives, how many drives are listed, and which drive letters are assigned to them? ) What differences, if any, are there between a list of components derived from the physical inspection versus a list of components derived from My Computer and System Properties? 11. Boot on Windows 7 and make sure Windows starts with no errors. 12. On your Windows 7, click Start, then Control Panel I System Security I System. Answer the following questions. B) What type of CPU is your system using? C) What is the System type (32 or 64 bit)? D) How much RAM is installed in your system? E) Including hard drives, how many drives are listed, and which drive letters are assigned to them?

Labour Markets, Wages and Industrial Relations

Telecommuting is going to change the landscape of labour for years to come. As a matter of fact, the very notion of a job is going to change. A job will be something one takes home to do in the intervals between football matches and household duties, not an activity that reshapes one’s day. Such changes will trigger changes in other aspects of work. Thus, trade union participation and union power will most probably be reduced. A great part of this influence is based in personal interaction. It is much easier to recruit a person to become a member of the union through direct personal contact than through means such as e-mail. Trade union leaders will turn into virtual figures rather than living beings in flesh and blood, and people will feel less affiliated with the union. Besides, as the authors point out, there are reasons to expect an inflow of workers into labour who have never or seldom had employment before, including single mothers or disabled people. Those may feel isolated from the rest of the workforce and have had no experience with unions. As a result, they will be less willing to participate in union activities and bargain with their employer. Besides, more developing nations will be included in the workforce, and it is more difficult to recruit people there in the union as they live in remote places and as well have little experience with unions. However, trade unions will not go away because of telecommuting. There are factors that even call for an increase in their power. For instance, it will become easier to change jobs since it will not involve looking for a job in exactly the same area and workers will probably not have to go to interviews in person. Rather, they may be able to do some kind of audio- or video-interview via Internet. As a result, employees will have more possibility to defend their rights through trade unions as they will not fear loss of job. Communication with trade union leaders will take place through the same interactive means as communication with supervisors – e-mail, telephone, and videoconferencing. Telecommuting will probably to some extent remove the difference between house prices between capital cities and regions. At the moment, housing is pricey in larger cities since there a lot of people willing to move there because higher salary levels. Those people coming from the regions are prepared to pay a premium on house price as compared to the regions because they know the house price will be offset by gains in wages. As a result, they drive demand up even at higher prices. If differences salary levels are reduced, a probable result of telecommuting, more people will prefer to stay in the regions, and housing there will rise in value against capital cities. This does not mean that housing will cost the same throughout the nation. First, not all jobs will be affected by telecommuting. It will take time before the pay for manual jobs such labourers, nurses, etc., will get to about the same level throughout the country. People in those jobs will then still be attracted to larger cities. Second, there are other factors than salary levels that affect housing prices. For instance, in the same city where one can get the same salary living in a nice or unattractive neighbourhood, housing prices will vary from one district to another. The reason for these variations is the difference in infrastructure, ecological atmosphere (as, for example, when the house faces a busy road or something of the kind), and opportunities for entertainment. Surely in larger cities one can have a much more interesting and varied life thanks to the availability of many cultural establishments, and regions will not soon overcome this difference. That is why people may still be attracted to living in the capital even if wages arrive at about the same level. Besides, formerly the attraction of the remote areas was their cheap prices for everything other than housing, such as food, entertainment, services, etc. A rise in wages will probably change that, making prices go up. In conclusion, housing prices will go up in regions as compared to the province as a result of dwindling difference in wages. However, prices in capital or larger cities will still remain higher. Bibliography Sloman, John & Mark Sutcliffe. Economics for Business. Â  

The Sequestration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Sequestration - Essay Example The reduction in expenditure is further divided equally between defense based agencies and agencies for domestic utilities. It aims at reducing the government’s budget deficit with an ultimate goal of reducing the federal government’s debts that escalated during the last global recession (Smith 1). Implementation of The Sequester offers a number of adverse consequences to the nation’s economy and to the American people. Budget cut has been associated with strong impacts on education in the state of Texas that stand to lose almost $ 70 million in the sector. This will mean lost employment opportunities for teachers in the state, almost 5000 students will lose state funded health services, and many military personnel will be forced into unpaid leaves. These examples identify microeconomic challenges to the affected populations and the challenges may spill over to macroeconomic factors such as gross domestic product level and consumer price index. Strong adverse impacts of the cuts also promise reduced health care funding in New York and cuts on military allocations across many states (LoGiurato 1). Infrastructure is also likely to be affected by the cuts (Landers 1). The Sequester is also expected to have significant effects on higher education and diversified secondary effects on people’s social lives and on professional scopes. Reduced aid to students is likely to affect ability to learn, especially among poor students who have relied on federal funds. The cuts will also affect research programs with direct effects on industrial developments and students’ learning processes and this identifies threats of incompetence and inefficiencies in professional practice as the students venture into career. It may also affect employability of students (Bidwell 1). The most significantly affected academic research programs are those that funded by federal

Low incidence disabilities in education and what medical supports are Assignment

Low incidence disabilities in education and what medical supports are available - Assignment Example There are specialized interventions that cater for students with hearing impairments in the society. This involves cochlear implants that provide a sense of sound to low incidence students that have a problem with hearing. The surgical electronic device is essential for students with partial damages on the sensory hair cells in the cochlea. Its relevance in hearing is evident in different ways. In this case, adults benefit immediately through experiencing improvement in the first three months of implantation. The children may improve at a slower pace since they need a lot of training during implantations process. In general, victims who undergo cochlea implantation perceive loud, medium and soft sounds as they understand speech through lip reading (Niparko, 2009). At the same time, there are autism interventions that involve communication and behavioral strategies. In most cases, this treatment develops treatment protocols that are compatible to the phenotype of each person. Practitioners adopt ABA based interventions, dietary, bio medical, and pharmacological Interventions. In such ways, ABA based interventions are paired with the treatment of children. It reduces disruptive behaviors and is used in teaching complex communication and self-help skills in children. Also, dietary interventions involve the gutten and casein free diet. This composes of an elastic protein in wheat procedure that gives cohesiveness to dough. Many people use this procedure in improving communication and social interaction patterns. Others use the bio medical interventions in chelation and vitamin therapies. In this case, clinical practices are deigned to get rid of the metal toxins that exist in the body. The final pharmacological interventions are used by scientist s in treating symptoms similar to hearing dysfunctions. It is effective in treating symptoms and behavior sin individuals (Trevarthen, 1998). Vision impairment

Learning style theory in post secondary education Research Paper

Learning style theory in post secondary education - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the ideology of learning styles can be considered somewhat not yet established deduction regarding the observation that there is an exhibition of preference by many, over certain interactions of learning compared to others. Taking such a concept, the ideology of personalized "learning styles" was realized and afterwards popularized by the renowned â€Å"Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Model†. There are many types of the models used in the implementation of learning styles. The occurrence of the auditory learning style involves the art of listening to the spoken word. The other model is the Kinesthetic learning that occurs via acting and interacting. Eventually, the visual learning involves looking at mind-maps, images, body language and demonstrations. The theory of learning models aims at explaining why school grades, classroom performance, and aptitude tests often than not, fail in identifying ones real ability. The Learn ing Style Profiler is a new measurement by Professor Chris Jackson that aimed at implementing a neuropsychological learning model in personality. The approach argues that Sensation Seeking presents a key biological motivation of learning, exploration and curiosity. He notes that a high exploration drive results in consequences of dysfunctional learning. Evidence regarding this argument alleges impression although it is yet to be verified through independent research. (Jackson, 2005). As early as the 70s, a research body on learning conducted a holistic exploration, active perspective of strategies and approaches – in contrast to styles – which accounts for the previous events’ effects, contextual feelings and experiences. This research body based in the UK has been operation for a period of twenty five years, drawing on the contributions of Marton and Saljo and Pask , additionally, from Northern Europe, there is a renowned model of learning, Vermunt’s is used. Vermunt’s model is referred to as the Inventory of Learning Styles (ILS). The model is influential especially in the institution of higher education (Vermunt, 1994). The ILS models in its broader view states that, learners are highly influenced by the contextual and strategies; there resultant is a multifaceted perspective of teaching. The ILS emphasis motivates a pedagogy approach that is broad thus encompassing institutional culture, subject discipline , previous experience of students’ and the manner of organizing and assessing the curriculum. Every other theory belonging to this learning family tend to elevate ‘styles’ as they favor ‘approaches’ and ‘strategies’ since past ideologies regarding styles improved the ideology of particular interventions with an intention of to matching existing styles or encouraging a styles’ repertoire (Honey & Mumford, 1992). The Entwistle’s model features a strategy describi ng the manner in which learners decide to address a particular task of learning. By adopting such a strategy, they account for the perceived demands. The approach is thus less fixed compared to a style; a style tends to be a wider characterization of the manner in which students show general preference in tackling tasks of learning (Entwistle, 1998). Some of the general support of ILS is that the application is on learning and thinking of students in the university. It implements new versions used in preparing for learning at work as well as 16–18 age group students. The approach is featured in studying various styles of learning for both the students and teachers themselves. Regarding the design of the model, the approach can be described as an experientially grounded approach that involved interviewing of students.

It's all provided in the instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

It's all provided in the instructions - Essay Example Therefore, by 1815 the revolution was not a success, but an ongoing struggle. Rousseau advocated for pure democracy as was practiced in Greek in the ancient period. The idea of democracy enlightened the French people after the effect of American struggle for independence. In 1792 groups of bourgeoisie called the Jacobins agitated for an establishment of a republic and thus abolish a monarchy. They did this by campaigning against the constitutionalists, monarchists and moderates. In this year, 1792, France threatened Austria with war and regarded all government as an enemy of the monarchy because it was threatened and feared the support of the bourgeoisie by external government to instigate another revolt. However, in early 1793, the monarch was overthrow and executed by the French Republic was established (Beeler et al., 2011) In February 1793, the French Republic was engaging in war with most of the countries in Europe. The Edict of Fraternity advocated for all the people of Europe to be in opposition to their leaders of all sphere including spiritual and secular rulers. The French Republic promised to support such liberation because they believed to have found a solution to political, economic and social problems. They believed in practicing equality, liberty and fraternity (Beeler et al., 2011). Therefore, the new Republican leadership foregone reforming France and benefit its people to spread the ideas of republicanism. They also feared on how to conduct domestic reform, which was desperately, needed in the country. By 1799, Europe was in constant fighting one revolution war to another. It was regarded as the fight between the French and the rest of Europe because the ideas of social equality, democracy and nationalism had root in the French Republic. On November, Napoleon captured power and he declared himself the emperor. He was later crowned as the Emperor and ruled

Innovation Diffusion and New Product Growth Models Essay

Innovation Diffusion and New Product Growth Models - Essay Example A number of organizations consider these innovations as a critical driver for economic performance. Researcher Silva, (2009) has agreed that the 21st century is totally based on information, innovation and knowledge-based economy. The success of organizations is hugely depended on the gaining of competitive advantages by effectively managing the current technologies and work processes while simultaneously creating innovations for the future. Innovation within the organizational processes can be viewed as the proper and efficient application for better solutions for the existing as well as changing and evolving marketing needs (Silva, 2009). Â  Innovation is the most important tool to success for the organizations in the post-Fordism business era. Post-Fordism elaborates the ability of organizations to improve their flexibility and adaptability towards the changing demand and preferences of the local as well as a global market by emphasizing on small batch production, economies of scope and new communication procedure (Amin, 2011). On the other hand, the percentage of failing of organizations is also increasing day by day from 2% in 1960 to 14% in 2008 (Edmondson, 2011). A large number of once leading companies, such as Kodak, Nokia Xerox, Motorola, and Polaroid, has experienced a huge failure due to the acquisition of wrong organizational practices and behaviors, while the market is continuously reforming and modernizing with new sets of behavior and practices. The organizational design and stereotypical practices are hampering the desired growth for the various leading organization while small firms are making their w ay to secure a successful position in the market (Edmondson, 2011). The lack of expertise to suspect the future has caused for overconfidence in such organization (Edmondson, 2011).

How has marriage reflected the changing status of women in Australian Essay

How has marriage reflected the changing status of women in Australian culture in the past century - Essay Example This is where the current state of woman is, and it has resulted in a high failure rate for marriages. This paper will examine how the roles of women have changed in Australian society, both in and outside of marriage, and how these roles have affected marriage and divorces in the last century. Discussion The largest change for women, in the realm of marriage, is the fact that patriarchy has shifted. For instance, one may view the movie The Piano for an example of how things used to be for women in Australia and New Zealand. In The Piano, the woman in the marriage was in the marriage because it was arranged, and, although it was evident that the main character, Ada, had a husband who wanted a â€Å"real† marriage, this never manifested. It was quite simply obvious that Alistair, the husband in this scenario, saw Ada as a way to bolster his social standing and really nothing more (The Piano). The Piano reflects a time in Australian history, indeed, in the history of the world, where women were regarded as property, and, because of this, fathers were able to force their daughters into loveless marriages. This reflects the standing of women in general during the 1850s. While The Piano reflects a time during the 19th Century, this paper will deal with the changing status of women during the 20th Century, but it is a helpful touchstone nonetheless. From the patriarchy in the 1850s, as evident in The Piano, a wave of reforms hit Australian society in the late 1800s, in a first wave of feminism in which women demanded to be counted as an equal in society, as well as within her own family. This was a wave of reform in which women were able to divorce their husbands, instead of divorce being the sole province of the man, which is what the case was before these reforms. This actually showed that the feminist movement gave more rights to women then did England, as women were not granted the right to divorce her husband on the grounds of adultery until 1923 in Engla nd, yet this right was granted in New South Wales in 1881 (James, 2005). This all leads to the rights of women at the turn of the century. The irony is that, according to Folbre (1991), while women were beginning to have parity with men in divorce court, their rights as within the marriage were actually being rolled back a bit. Folbre states that, in 1800, the work that a woman performs within the marriage was considered productive work for the purpose of labor force participation. In other words, the work that women did in 1800 was considered a part of the overall economic structure, and this work was considered to be a source of wealth. By 1900, however, this work was no longer considered productive, and women were considered to be â€Å"dependent,† along with senior citizens, children and disabled persons (Folbre, 1991). In other words, at the beginning of the 19th Century, the women’s contributions to the household were considered a driver of economic growth; by th e beginning of the 20th Century, this was no longer true. This shows that, at a time when women were getting some parity when it comes to divorce court, she was simultaneously being oppressed within the marriage itself, as she was considered to be the same as a child or a disabled person within the

English-Rule Only Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English-Rule Only - Research Paper Example Advantages of the Rule The subject that only English should be used at work places creates very strong feelings. Some individuals may believe that it is wrong to speak in a language that others do not understand. In the same way, speakers of languages other than English may believe that complaints against the usage of another language stem from racism or unnecessary suspicion of what is being spoken. But the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission regulations state that a restriction to speaking English at all times is disadvantageous to an individual’s employment opportunity on the basis of national origin. The commission believes that English-only rules create an atmosphere of inferiority, isolation and intimidation which is based on national origin that could result in discriminatory working environment (Bothwell-Marketing-Inc, 2011). EEOC regulation clearly states that the rule English-only rule is permissible only where the employer can show that the rule is justified by the necessity of the business. Spun Steak offered a justification that the non-Spanish speaking employees felt bad because they were being insulted in Spanish. The company also noted there were some safety benefits to using a language common to most employees. Employers in areas where the rule applied pointed to safety issues, customer service, and business related justifications which are related to their businesses. But opponents say that the U.S has been a country of immigrants coming from various cultures speaking different languages. In the past the new migrants wanted to quickly assimilate into the local culture and adopt the local language. This helped them in their integration with the local society. However currently, many new migrants foster separate almost ghetto-like communities which interact on a limited basis with the outside. As many of them fail to learn English they do not gain the ability to interact outside their own community and thus cannot easily integrate in the society. This inability to communicate is the basis of mistrust, fear and war among the different cultures (ask-Vile, 2006). Statistics show that about 215 million Americans speak English while only 2 million people speak Spanish (Juggle, 2011). There are already 26 states where English is the only official language Most of the migrants also state that they think everyone should learn English if they are to live in the United States. English is spoken in Congress, courthouses, national parks, and Presidential speeches. It is also spoken in almost every business corner. Every where the English language is spoken (Juggle, 2011). But accounting office report that was released shows that 99.94 percent of all federal government documents are produced in English. The English proponents argue that more than 300 languages are

Malignant melanoma or chicken pox or shingles or goiter disease. PICK Research Paper

Malignant melanoma or chicken pox or shingles or goiter disease. PICK JUST ONE OF THE 4 - Research Paper Example son is not strong enough to cope with the virus, it is more likely that the person will suffer from the painful rushes that result from the disease infecting the sensory nerves. At this point the virus gets the protection from the human body humanity system thus they drop into the nerves forming a painful rush in the skin. The characteristics disease (shingles) is commonly found in the human adults. Chicken pox is caused a VZV virus (Varicella-Zoster virus) (Kaneshiro 1). Young kids can be protected from Varicela by the use of varicella vaccine. Vaccination is done when the kid is about one year old. Also at the age of four to six year, a booster shot is recommended to increase the chances of avoiding the future infection. For the people who are over 13 years, two doses of the vaccine is recommended, one coming after the other at an interval of 28 days. The disease infection happens once in a lifetime however the virus can stay in the body for long and cause shingles in when a person is at the old age. The infection of the disease starts simply just like that of a flu infection. The patient might have some running nose, coughing and sneezing. After the second day of the infection, the patient’s skin grows rashes. The rushes usually appears in the face and in the chest first and then spread on the other parts of the body. The spread of the rushes sometimes reaches the ears and the mouths. The pox in the human body differs from one person to another. Some people are affected just very few while others gets the pox allover the body. When the rash begins to appear in the body of the patient, they are usually pink in color but changes immediately to blisters (Marshall Cavendish Corporation 185). In the rashes, fluids forms but crust after a period of between one to two days. For the first seven days of chicken pox infections, new blisters forms after each of the first ones crust. The blisters takes a period of up to 14 days to be scrubbed completely and become

Platos Philosophical Significance (in Regards to Metaphysics, and Ethics Essay Example for Free

Platos Philosophical Significance (in Regards to Metaphysics, and Ethics Essay Philosophy spans the reaches of the human mind in countless topics, but is often divided into three main branches: metaphysics, the study of the nature of existence; epistemology, the study of knowledge and truth; and ethics, the study of morals. One of the first philosophers to look at these fields is Plato (427BCE-347BCE), whose writings are incredibly influential. Plato’s work lays the fundament for philosophy because of his cohesive contributions to the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Firstly, Plato’s work with Forms greatly influences metaphysics. He contributes the idea of the Forms which exist as â€Å"eternal and perfect ideals that exist in an unchanging, perfect heaven (via Velasquez, 2002, p. 84). [2] The Forms contrast with worldly matter; this contrast leads to Plato’s next contribution to metaphysics, his concept of â€Å"Two Worlds. † Plato divides reality into the worlds of senses and forms, the latter of which he considers to be true reality and where the soul resides. Finally, Plato’s description of the tripartite human soul greatly influences St. Augustine’s religious work on Christianity 800 years later. Therefore, Plato’s Forms helped shape metaphysics. Secondly, Plato’s Forms and myths built the foundation for epistemology. Plato argues that due to the souls unchanging nature, the process of â€Å"learning† is the soul’s recollection of knowledge. He also provides two myths, both closely related to his metaphysical works. In the first, the Chariot Allegory, Plato describes a charioteer en route to heaven, in which there exists â€Å"true reality [the forms] with which real knowledge is concerned (as cited by Velasquez, p. 84). The journey is impeded by an unruly horse that represents ignobility. The concept of the journey’s difficulty is mirrored, finally, in the Allegory of the Cave, which discusses ignorance and the escape thereof. Thus, Plato’s myths form the basis of epistemology. Finally, Plato’s work in ethics regarding justice is among the first and most influential. Firstly, he defines justice as the balance between the three parts of the tripartite soul. Thus, his justice theory states that justice in both the state and the individual is defined by â€Å"harmony between the various parts for the good of the whole† (Velasquez, 2002, p. 630). This justice theory shows cohesiveness with Plato’s tripartite theory of the soul. Finally, Plato associates justice with merit: individuals are treated proportionally to their talents and accomplishments. Hence, Platos philosophies regarding justice form the starting point for the field of ethics. In conclusion, Plato’s writings act as a basis and connection for the three main branches of philosophy: metaphysics, through his Forms; epistemology, through his myths; and ethics, through his justice theory. His influence on philosophy and society is expansive and, as such, Plato is one of the most significant philosophers. That his ideas are still being taught to modern day shows the true nature of philosophy: to pose questions so profound that they cannot be answered 2500 years later.

Veristic Roman Portraits

Veristic Roman Portraits Roman works of art, from both Republic and Empire, are deeply influenced by traditions and aesthetic elements of other cultures. Many art historians have interpreted that much of visual arts produced in ancient Rome are derivative of Classical and Hellenistic Greek styles. Other interpretations have shown that Roman art also draws on Etruscan and even Egyptian visual cultures. While such analyses are valid, it should be noted that Roman artists did not merely emulate the styles of earlier cultures, but they synthesized the diverse elements and manipulated them to create a uniquely Roman style. This distinctive and syncretic Roman attitude led to the emergence of verism in Roman Republican portraitures in the beginning of first century B.C.E. Veristic portaitures had striking individualistic features that showed human interiority. They demanded intellectual engagement of the viewers because Roman portraitures were a complex system of conventions that sought to convey a message. This p aper analyzes verism in Roman portraitures and discusses how a set of formal elements are dictated to serve a communicative purpose. Before embarking on our discussion of veristic Roman portraitures, we should first question what the definition of verism is. It is a term that describes hyperrealism that departs from idealizing tendencies. Veristic portraitures were popular during the Republican period, and they served to commemorate civil virtue. Veristic portraits emphasize individualistic and often unattractive features of the subject. They portray mature men, and marks of age were acutely depicted, such as wrinkles, moles, scars and other imperfections. The emphasis on seniority was highly placed because old men who have dedicated their lives to the civic good attained noble positions in public office. It is also because signs of aging skin, such as furrows and creases, were loyal souvenirs of having tolerated the psychological strains of a society at times of chaos and civil war. These were desirable characteristics of a civic ruler because they were associated with wisdom, responsibility, and loyalty to the s tate. Perhaps, the best way to define verism is by contrasting it with idealism, a style that is primarily associated with Hellenistic Greek period. Idealism is the opposite of verism, and it tends to idealize the subject by exaggerating the characteristics as it seeks to relate the subject to a divine figure. Although Romans borrowed the concept of portraiture from Greek Hellenistic art, Roman portraitures per se are visibly different from Greek portaits. In contrast to Roman tradition of depicting men in their later life, Hellenistic tradition leaned toward representing rulers as being youthful. This is primarily because youthful if not god-like images of kings free of any imperfections were the sources of admiration and adoration to the populace. A famous example is the marble portraiture of Alexander the Great (fig. 1). Alexander the Great (reigned 336-323 B.C.E.) wanted to immortalize his power by making a permanent visual image of himself. He commissioned artists, especially Lysippos, to sculpt his portraits out of marble, a medium probably chosen for its durability. The Marble Portrait of Alexander the Great is about 37 cm in height. It was created between 2nd-1st century B.C.E. during the Hellenistic period. It was believed to be found in Alexandria, the capital city of the Hellenistic dynasty. The portrait head has a curly hair that falls on both sides of the face. Its surface is very smooth and the softness of the skin is alm ost tangible. It has a slight hint of eyebrows, and its eyes are directed upwards and are intently gazing at something. It has a relatively sharp nose and its lips are depicted with precision. The curved lines of both the upper and lower lips are acutely portrayed. It has a smooth jaw line that makes an elegant U shape that is offset by a solid neck. Its head is slightly tilted upwards. Overall, the sculptor depicted Alexander the Great as a youthful king without any physical blemishes. Unlike Roman Republican sculptors who were veristic in style and were humble in depicting the subject, the Hellenistic sculptor glorified and idealized the subject in an attempt to liken the subject to a god. Arguably, one of the most noticeable differences between veristic works and works of other styles are their treatment of the subject. Artists from different cultures employed different styles to communicate a distinct set of messages. The portraiture of Vespasian is a good example of a veristic style portraiture that conveyed a political message (fig. 2). It is a marble head of Vespasian, the Roman Emperor who ruled from 69 C.E to 78 C.E., who was also the founder of the Flavian dynasty. It was created between 69-79 C.E. during the Imperial Roman period, and came from Ostia, Italy. The sculptor clearly depicted Vespasian as an old man, with palpable signs of aging. The portrait head has a balding or a receding hairline, with wrinkles on the forehead. The eyebrows are meticulously carved with detail given to each individual strand of hair. The eyes have soft almond shapes with crows feet in the ends. There are marks of sagging under the eyes, and wrinkles are all over the face. The ti p of the nose is round and big, and its lips are very thin and are tightly closed. Further individualistic features are accurately recorded, such as Vespasians slightly protruding chin. Like the Hellenistic portrait head of Alexander the Great, this marble head also has a solid neck, although it is marked with deep wrinkles. Vespasian is represented as a man in his later life with unflattering marks that are clearly depicted rather than being fixed up and perfected. This is because Romans valued individualism over idealism, and departure from idealisitic qualities meant absence of pretense and deception. Vespasians veristic portrait is full of conventions that celebrate the humble, wise, and responsible characteristics of a well-qualified ruler. Borrowing the words from Nodelman, this veristic portrait is a system of signs that is carefully condensed into the image of a human face. Conceptually, Vespasians marble portrait head can be seen as a mosaic, in which desirable physical fea tures are juxtaposed and carefully fitted together to create an image of a noble ruler. The Primaporta Augustus departs from the veristic style, and falls back on the Hellenistic style of idealizing and perfecting tendencies. It is a 6 feet 8 inch tall marble statue depicting Augustus Caesar, the first emperor of the Roman Empire (fig. 3). It was created during early 1st century C.E., and it was found in the Villa of Livia at Prima Porta, Italy. Augustus (reigned 25 B.C.E. to 17 C.E.) deliberately avoided the veristic style that Republic so adored and celebrated, because the humble and honest manner of veristic portraiture would not effectively communicate the youthful energy of Augustus to the audience. Augustus did not want to be seen as a weak, aging man or as a ruthless dictator, but rather as a young and energetic emperor who is about to bring change to the Roman Empire at the time of unstability. The statue has a short, curly hair and its face is void of any marks; its skin is smooth and radiant. Its right arm is raised, which is a gesture of address. This gesture depicts Augustus as a powerful public figure who has the charisma to lead the public. The statue is wearing a battle dress that presents Augustus not only as a civic ruler but also as a military commander. It is standing in contapposto pose, in which the weight of the body is shifted to one foot while the relaxed other rests. The particular stance, short hair, and smooth face strongly evoke Polykleitos Doryphoros (fig. 4). Doryphoros is rendered in Classical Greek style and Augustus intentionally chose to echo the Classical style in a calculated attempt to portray himself as the conqueror. On the bottom of Augustus right leg is Cupid riding on a dolphin. The presence of Cupid, the son of Venus, is important because it serves both a functional and symbolic role. It functions to provide support to Augustus right leg, but also serves as a visual reminder of Augustus divine lineage. Lastly, Augustus is shown barefoot. This was done to link Augustus to a god. Ultimately, these various elements come into play to shape Primaporta Augustus as an effective political propaganda to send a message that Augustus rise to power will bring stability to the Empire at the time of civil war and chaos. The desire of both the commissioners and the sculptors to condense various meanings into a portrait is clearly reflected by the distinct styles and manners in which the subject is treated. Roman sculptors, as well as artists of other cultures, clearly had a range of styles to choose from, and they artfully, effectively and quite beautifully utilized the chosen styles to convey certain messages to the viewers. Through such efforts, portraits become a complex system of signs and symbols that form a language in which the history of a whole society can be read. A Hellenistic style with an idealizing tendency was chosen to glorify the subject and to demand imperial and divine exaltation from the populace. On the other hand, a Roman veristic style with emphasis on physical imperfections and marks of aging was chosen to denote a conscious departure from illusions and vanity. It was chosen either to gain public votes to win a noble position in a society or to reflect noble virtues of an empe ror, such as responsibility, wisdom, faithfulness, and selfless devotion. Ultimately, veristic Roman portraits were visual and symbolic expressions of the subjects interiority. Various conventions were orchestrated by motives to put across political messages. The portraits were not merely well crafted works of art to be passively enjoyed, but were montages of meanings to be actively interpreted. Both intellectual and psychological engagement of viewers were demanded to understand the messages that Roman artists so passionately celebrated.

Terri Schiavo A Case Study Of Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Terri Schiavo A Case Study Of Euthanasia Philosophy Essay Euthanasia is a life-terminating process with means to end pain and suffering. However, sometimes the way euthanasia is performed can be painful in itself. Terri Schiavos case was a very high-profile one for many reasons, one of them being because of this particular issue. She was 26 years old when she collapsed in her home in Florida in 1990 from what seemed to be lack of oxygen. She was in a coma for two and half months before entering a vegetative state. What came after would prolong into a 15-year dispute between Schiavos husband and her family in trying to figure out what would be the most ethical thing to do. After Terri Schiavo entered the vegetative state, there were two different paths she could have continued onto. The first being death through euthanasia, while the second being living life and surviving with constant assistance and through artificial means. According to Diana Lynne in her article at http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=29516, however, the path to euthanasia was absolutely unnecessary. Schiavo was not drooling, which meant she was able to control her saliva and therefore would not need feeding tubes. She was not in a PVS, or a persistent vegetative state, because she very well recognized her environment and was able to interact with it. Nurses reportedly could distinguish her words through her difficulty to speak as she would say help me and Mommy. Herein laid the biggest argument- would Terri want to live a life like this? Her husband, Michael Schiavo, reported that Terri had stated herself that she would never want to live her life as a vegetable and would rather have someone put a stop to her suffering. There was, however, no written proof, or any at all for that matter, of this claim. Terris parents insisted that she would not want to be euthanized due to her religion-they said she was a devout Roman Catholic and was very religious. There was no evidence to support this claim either. Michael Schiavos intentions for Terri had been questioned since he lost all hope in her survival in 1992. His intentions were also suspicious because he had claimed that her reason for collapsing that night was due to her bulimic eating disorder-an issue that no one as aware she was dealing with. Another suspicious piece of evidence from the case was the fact that Terri had neck injuries when she was brought to the hospital that night she collapsed; her parents, the Schindlers, believe that Michael tried to strangle her that night. The first time he petitioned for Terris food tube to be removed in 1998, Michael Schiavo was already engaged to another woman whom he had had two children with. He was still married to Terri and was legally her guardian. The court ruled in favor of Michael Schiavo and decided to remove Terris feeding tube in April of 2001. Three days later the feeding tube was put back in due to appeals made by the Schindlers which led to a hold in his case. There was videotaped evidence that Terri Schiavo was indeed responding to her familys interactions and was not brain-dead or vegetative. Unfortunately, Michael Schiavos consistent efforts finally came through. On March 13th of 2005, the feeding tube was removed from Terri Schiavo. This would lead to her death on March 31st, 2005 from dehydration and starvation. For 18 days Terri was parched and starving, and this is how she was killed. I believe that Terri Schiavo was killed in a harmful, thoughtless act and there a quite a few moral theories present in ethics that can support this. In Immanuel Kants ethical theory, the categorical imperative states that we should not use people as a means to an end. Killing a person to put a stop to their suffering through euthanasia would be using them to another end. Also, Kant believed that what seems to be an act out of kindness could lead to a bad thing; Kant was not interested in acting through compassion but rather what were the right thing and the best thing to do for the best possible outcome. Kant also believed that the value of a human being was above all price. He was extremely against suicide because of this belief of the human life and its worth. Especially in this case, in which Terri Schiavo was not brain-dead and could rationalize and think, I believe Kant would agree with allowing her to continue her live and not euthanize her. John Stuart Mill would state that euthanasia was just because he believed that as long as no other being is hurt, a person can do anything he or she pleases. However, I would interpret this utilitarianistic view as one that could go against euthanasia. I believe that the death of any being can and will hurt another. The death of Terri Schiavo devastated her family and friends. Through her starvation and dehydration, her closest loved ones were also in pain because of what she had to go through. Another moral theory that would go against euthanasia is the natural law. This ethical theory states that the end never justifies the means. This theory is evidently against euthanasia because it clearly insinuates that doing evil is not justified simply because the outcome will be good, even if the intentions mean well. This theory would suggest that killing an innocent person is never morally right to do because the main intention of this natural law is to protect and preserve the innocent. Natural law also insists that God gave life and it is up to him whether or not it is a persons time for that life to end or not and he will take that life away when he pleases; natural law very much believes in the sanctity of life. The natural law theory is very much closely related to Christian ethics which would also be against euthanasia for many of the same reasons. This portion of ethics believes that humans do not have any right to take away life because it is up to God because he gave us life. It believes that euthanasia is murder and we are not to kill. Life is sacred and is meant to be lived until the persons natural death and is therefore taken away naturally by God. In terms of what is just, I do not believe Polemarchus would agree with the removal of Terri Schiavos feeding tube or any other incident involving euthanasia for that matter because of his belief of tit for tat. This belief of justice will overlook an act of evil if this kind of act was already done to that person committing it. This belief is also known as an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. People in vegetative states in situations where they may be euthanized should not be if they are innocent people. Terri Schiavos case involved an involuntary euthanasia which means the person is not in a position to ask whether or not they want to die; the method of euthanasia in her case was passive, although the clear intention was for Terri to die. There are two other types of euthanasia: voluntary and nonvoluntary. In a voluntary case, the person asks to die and in a nonvoluntary case, the person does not want to die. The two types of methods in which euthanasia is performed are either passive or active. A passive method of euthanasia involves the cutting off of a treatment that the patient is on for a natural type of death while an active method of euthanasia is the opposite in which something is added in order to specifically end the patients life. This was the wrong thing to do especially because it was involuntary and it was therefore not certain that Terri Schiavo wished to die. It is reported that Terri Schiavo did not feel any pain during her 18 years in the hospital and because of th is, any argument supporting euthanasia using Terri Schiavo as an example is not reasonable. In any case, however, I believe that there is no such thing as a life not worth living. Its evident that every person would like to die with dignity and likely does not want to spend the last years of their life in a hospital but even though it is rare, it is possible to come out of a vegetative state. Also, according to all the philosophers and moral theories mentioned above, life is too sacred to not live, no matter what the circumstances

Reforming Education :: Learning Teaching School Essays

Reforming Education There are many factors that contribute to a successful education. For students in K-12 the most important factor is parent involvement. The reason that parent involvement is so necessary is because there is only one teacher per 25-30 students. Even though the education law passed in California has allowed for smaller classrooms it is still difficult to give children personal attention. Parent involvement in education can also be viewed as a cultural attitude. The Asian American families that have immigrated to the United States take an active role in their child's education. The child also understands that it is expected that they succeed in school. Many of these immigrants have come from countries, like Vietnam and Korea, that have been torn apart by war. They view education as a way to move up the economic ladder. The parents will often sacrifice their own needs to make sure that their child succeeds by working more than one job in order to pay for tutors or special schools. The special schools that these children attend are known as cram schools. Long a tradition in the Far East, where competition to get into a top university borders on the fanatic, cram schools of Asia have begun to appear in this country too. (New York Times Jan 29, 1995) For immigrants these schools are helpful because it will strengthen the students' English skills. The schools are useful to these students because most of these students are recent immigrants that have not fully developed their English skills. For students that were born in the United States parent involvement can help reinforce what the student has been taught in school. In California this has become even more of a challenge because of language barriers. According to the United States 1990 census California shows the following: European American 69% Hispanic 25.8% Asian 9.5% African 7.4% The 1990 census also contained the following data in regards to the primary language spoken in the home for children between 5-17 years old: Speaks only English 3484048 Speaks only Spanish 248586 Speaks Asian or Pacific Island 6647 Enrolled in elementary/high school over 3 years old: White 3119767 Black 441880 American Indian 50082 Asian or Pacific Islander 572418 Unfortunately many parents are uninformed of the power they posses when dealing with the schools. An excellent book that discusses what power the parents process in dealing with their child's school is "Getting the Best Education for your Child" written by James Keogh.

Essay --

Summary A Savage War of Peace was a fantastic book to read. It detailed the history of the Algerian War for Independence, which encompasses three separate wars. All of these wars were concerned with the future of the once French, now Algerian, city of Algiers. Beginning with the First War, it was a three-way fight between the FLN, the Front de Libà ©ration Nationale, the pied noirs population living in French Algeria, and the Fourth Republic of France. This First War began in 1954 and continued until 1958. The FLN was a terror organization that was anti-West, anti-Communist, anti-Liberal, and anti-Semitic. Their members were generally many Muslim opponents of French rule. The pied noirs were generally the white settlers of Algeria, composing a minority of the overall population of Algeria. The pied noirs could be seen as an in between population, not necessarily fully French but not necessarily Algerian as well. Historically, they were affiliated with Pà ©tain’s government during World War 2 and were hostile to liberal democracy. Finally, the Fourth Republic was the then current government of the democratic country of France. They inherited a very complicated situation in Algeria from their predecessor governments. France initially gained Algeria as a part of its empire when they conquered the land from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. The original system of government allowed the Muslim population to live under Sharia Law while the European settlers lived under French law and voted in French elections. Initially, the Fourth Republic’s goal was to allow the pied noirs to be citizens of the French Republic, while allowing the Algerian population to govern themselves. Each of these three factions had their own downfalls. The FLN was para... ...he European and French view. However, as the story is so exhaustively detailed I do not think it has compromised credibility in the paper. I found this book extremely useful. As someone who is very interested in French and European history, I was amazed at how large of an impact the Algerian War had on France, for example causing the collapse of the Fourth Republic. I was also amazed that so many politicians and military leaders use this book as a history lesson on what to do in Iraq. I found that the book related to the course due to the mentioning of the French involvement in Vietnam as well as how the French tried to learn from their lessons at Dien Bien Phu when they were in Algeria. I will certainly be hanging on to this book for future reference, as well as to read again even more in depth to see if I missed any comparisons or possible lessons to be learned. Essay -- Summary A Savage War of Peace was a fantastic book to read. It detailed the history of the Algerian War for Independence, which encompasses three separate wars. All of these wars were concerned with the future of the once French, now Algerian, city of Algiers. Beginning with the First War, it was a three-way fight between the FLN, the Front de Libà ©ration Nationale, the pied noirs population living in French Algeria, and the Fourth Republic of France. This First War began in 1954 and continued until 1958. The FLN was a terror organization that was anti-West, anti-Communist, anti-Liberal, and anti-Semitic. Their members were generally many Muslim opponents of French rule. The pied noirs were generally the white settlers of Algeria, composing a minority of the overall population of Algeria. The pied noirs could be seen as an in between population, not necessarily fully French but not necessarily Algerian as well. Historically, they were affiliated with Pà ©tain’s government during World War 2 and were hostile to liberal democracy. Finally, the Fourth Republic was the then current government of the democratic country of France. They inherited a very complicated situation in Algeria from their predecessor governments. France initially gained Algeria as a part of its empire when they conquered the land from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. The original system of government allowed the Muslim population to live under Sharia Law while the European settlers lived under French law and voted in French elections. Initially, the Fourth Republic’s goal was to allow the pied noirs to be citizens of the French Republic, while allowing the Algerian population to govern themselves. Each of these three factions had their own downfalls. The FLN was para... ...he European and French view. However, as the story is so exhaustively detailed I do not think it has compromised credibility in the paper. I found this book extremely useful. As someone who is very interested in French and European history, I was amazed at how large of an impact the Algerian War had on France, for example causing the collapse of the Fourth Republic. I was also amazed that so many politicians and military leaders use this book as a history lesson on what to do in Iraq. I found that the book related to the course due to the mentioning of the French involvement in Vietnam as well as how the French tried to learn from their lessons at Dien Bien Phu when they were in Algeria. I will certainly be hanging on to this book for future reference, as well as to read again even more in depth to see if I missed any comparisons or possible lessons to be learned.

Role Reflection In Nursing

The nursing role is rapidly evolving as nurses are tasked with an even wider range of health care responsibilities. In hospitals, clinics, and care centers around the US, nurses are rising to meet these challenges. Today's nurses are not just caring for the sick; they are changing our very notion of modern medicine and health care delivery. A nurse's role is about being a more effective member of the health care team and navigating clinical systems. No matter the work environment, all nurses are members of the profession which implies accountability for one's professional image (Essentials ofBaccalaureate Education, 2008, p. 9). In my career as a nurse, my role has changed many times and began as a provider of direct patient care. My first job after graduation I worked as a bedside nurse on an Orthopedic and Rehabilitation floor in the hospital setting. As rehabilitation staff nurse, provided direct care and education on self-care including safe medication administration, sleep, nutr ition, safety, bowel and bladder care. I helped perform activities that served to maintain and restore function and prevent complications.I feel lucky to have had this opportunity as my first nursing role because of the team-based care coordination and the value based on each member of the interdisciplinary team. As I transitioned from a novice nurse to a more competent nurse, I gained perspective from planning my own actions based on critical thinking and organization. It was during this time that began to think of long-term goals pertaining to my nursing career. After two years, I was approached to train to cover the Care Coordinator role for the department of Orthopedic during her times of vacation and medical eave.This quickly turned into a full time position for me and took me away from direct bedside nursing. My main responsibilities were to assist the patient with transitions between healthcare settings, identify skills and expectations of patients and families in regard to t he rehabilitation process and help ensure the patient and his or her family understood their healthcare benefits. Enjoyed learning all the aspects of coordinating patient care for this population. Five years passed and accepted the Manager position of the Orthopedic Institute.It served me well to rely on the team based environment when I began honing my skills as a leader. I quickly learned to supervise and delegate to staff, manage a million dollar budget and remain visible and open to staff. Served my clinical area by developing, implementing and evaluating systems that ensure cost effective, quality patient care. There were times as a manager that my priorities were to maintain multiple projects in alignment with our vision. Communication was always a must for an effective relationship with staff and providers.As a ember of the profession of nursing I have been able to take part in many activities. Have joined professional organizations. I have enjoyed participating in research f or our Orthopedic population. Have participated in community events. It is very rewarding to be able to serve the community in which you live. Throughout my career, as a direct care provider and currently a manager of a patient care center, I have always insisted that patients and families come first and my primary goal is to provide safe quality care.A professional nurse must have the ability to think critically, mufti-task ND prioritize appropriately. I am truly honored to have chosen a profession that has allowed me the opportunity to grow and become the successful leader I am today. Am fully committed to furthering my education and focusing on the next chapter in my career. Nursing has become more complex in ways that could not have been imagined a generation ago. Now there is an imperative to be not just a great caregiver but a great innovator too. The demands of health care are calling for a new generation of thinkers who want to be agents of care innovation.Nursing is a profe ssion for the intellectually curious, lifelong learner. However, as nursing continues to evolve with new hospital structures, wonderful technology, and political challenges, the heart of the profession stays the same. Whatever the tools and technologies, the job of the nurse will remain caregiver and advocate for the most sick and vulnerable members of our communities. The field is growing and so are opportunities for nurse practitioners, DNA and PhD nurses, nurse educators, nurse-anesthetists, and nurse researchers.Great nurses take what they learn in their formal education and apply it to make surprising, difficult, life-or-death decisions every day. Feel that is why nursing education has such a crucial role to play. Getting an advanced nursing degree means preparing myself for a changing world of possibility. With the right skills and knowledge, the next generation of nurses can make a bigger difference for patients, communities, and our national health care environment. I am gla d to be part of such a rewarding profession.

Ford Motor Company: Options for a Successful Future

The coming(prenominal) of crossbreeding beat back Company and its ability to remain at the top of the automotive industry requires the clubhouse to focus on wares, resources, inventning, and implementation. Decisions must(prenominal) be made comparative to product lines, gross revenue. and re-directing the compositions resources for future success. In order to do so, four pickaxs have been know and the familiarity must arrange which pickings atomic number 18 beaver suited to move the guild in a positive direction. discourse at least three criteria the beau monde should use to decide which of the four listed options is trump and the reasons why each criterion should be used. intersection Motor Company has the option to close down older projectts in an effort to realign takings and sales. The criteria identify in order to de depotine if this option is in pass overs vanquish interest let in What leave behind be the total address to the caller to misdirect o ut employees, close plants and the political ramifications of this finality? What are future trends? What is the differential amid production and sales? The second option for pass over Motor Company to de frontierine is whether to produce only small cars, eliminating or sharply decrease the SUV and motortruck lines.In order to determine the validity of this option, the company would need to evaluate the following rotter send away economy be agnize in these particular vehicle lines without crucial cost being passed on to the consumer? result there be a keep merchandise for SUVs? How will reducing or eliminating truck lines affect overall sales? Option number three requires reducing the marriage Ameri toilette presence and charge more on international markets where get across has been very successful. The determining criteria for this option includes What is the sustainability of the cover brand in the international market?How will reducing or removing northbound A merican presence affect the overall brand? Can reducing North American presence act as a catapult and raise imply for cut across vehicles in that geographical posture? The fourth option to be considered by track is the porta of selling its sumptuousness line the PAG group. The determining factors for choosing this option would include Performing a profit and dismissal analysis of the group to determine the losings sustained by the company relative to continuing to invest in this product line. Could redirecting investment from this product be give away spent lsewhere? In light of the misadventure that market conditions can and do change, dispute at least three examples of how the company should build-in tractability to back up its decision-making process. The possibility of market fluctuation is imminent. Therefore, Ford must be certain to build in flexibility to sustain change. Using an options base approach will leave behind flexibility by reserving resources such as t ime, tidy sum, money, or production capacity. (Williams, 2010). By maintaining flexibility, Ford will be pause equipped to lay out to changes and fluctuations in the market.Discuss how an effective pull through plan can be created and how mature can be tracked. Creating an effective consummation plan involves setting both small term (proximal) and long term (distal) goals. Achieving miserable term goals is motivational to the employees who will dish up in the achievement of the long term goal. Short term goals are more easily attainable than long term goals. However, long term goals are native. other way to track the progress of an act plan is by providing frequent feedback regarding military operation to workers and employees. This will allow Ford to lick adjustments in order to achieve goals. Williams, 2010) sway at least three locomote that make-up a workable plan and explain why each is important. stage setting goals is the first step in creating an action plan . Goals should be specific, attainable, realistic and timely (S. M. A. R. T. ). (Williams, 2010) one time goals have been set, a workable plan that develops committednesss to the goals must be created. Enlisting the commitment of upper level management and employees is essential to achieving goals. An effective action plan indicates who, what and when for accomplishing goals. (Williams, 2010). The vanquish options for Ford Motor Company would be to limit production of SUVs.Todays economy lends itself to more fuel efficient, eco-friendly vehicles. With plash scathes soaring to new heights on a weekly basis, maintaining a massive SUV is only no longer cost effective for the average American family. The price point for this type of vehicle is likewise a downside to ownership. However, the truck lines produced by Ford should remain intact. Fords truck line has become known as a reliable brand and people take stock in the Ford brand when it comes to company fleet vehicles, bodil y structure vehicles and even the agricultural and farming industries rely on the Ford truck brand.Without question, Ford should sell the PAG group. With losses i n the billions and rising, resources from this product line could be redirected into better selling ventures such as the smaller vehicle product line discussed earlier. Ford does not have to rely on the PAG group for growth and profits. This venture is simply a dog that needs to be put down. The option to reduce SUV production and sell the PAG group would be the options best suited to produce growth and stability in Ford Motor Company.These options allow Ford to focus on the conventional product lines of smaller and more sparing vehicles and durable truck lines. Producing more cars than it can sell at this point in time would be detrimental to their future success. More inventory does not touch to more sales. The PAG is a loss that continues to be a thorn in Fords side. Eliminating this group would free billions of do llars for re-investment into fuel consciousness research for smaller vehicles plot of land upgrading the truck lines. Implementing these options will contribute to Fords longevity, profitability and growth.

Succesful Business Man

diametric occupancymen ease up different ways to build their own cargoners. When faced with the end of what some of qualities of a favored transmission line globe are, each soul has his/her own opinion. From my shoot of view, I consider that cat valium sense, vary knowledge, and true communication skills are the qualities of a prosperous commercial enterpriseman. The primary characteristic which either enterpriser involves to learn in put up to do well is customary sense. It is defined as an ability to shed judgments on the issues, which he/she encounter in every day situations.A trade good common sense often called as pragmatic intelligence empowers he/she act much quickly and wisely, especially in some complex issues. Successful pedigreemen are evermore equal to be aware(predicate) of the dangers surrounding him, anticipate and make smart as a whip decisions. The second most signifi chamberpott persona is specialized knowledge about his/her fields. T he entrepreneur who is incompetent at his job pull up stakes never come profitable. Worked out dream and money invested are non passable to make the dividing line an effective and boom one he mustinessinessiness constantly accumulate his needed knowledge in the lead jumping into business world.What is more, it is indispensable to bring through success without communication skills. Being able to gain customers confidence is an absolute contrivance and entrepreneur who can do it is jump-start to be successful. Furthermore, good communication methods can lay an intellectual foundation for virile relationships with colleagues partly lead to watch in business. A prosperous businessman is must not only an affluent person, scarcely also a prestigious person whose advice is always regarded by the others.In a word, to be a successful businessman is not an easy thing, but with a lap of effort, each entrepreneur can concern up to the success from day-to-day. From what I hav e stated above, I truly accept that common sense, specialized knowledge and good communication skills are the qualities of a successful businessman. A business man is soulfulness taking risk in a certain bon ton for the purpose of producing revenue from a combination of human, financial, or bodily capital. An entrepreneur is an example of a business man. Sometimes it can mean mortal who is involved in the management of a familiarity, especially as an owner or an executive.A successful business man must apply certain strategies in order to achieve different goals. So, what are the strategies that must be accomplished? First of all, to become a successful business man an entrepreneur should possess the basic business skills in order to adopt a winning business strategy. For example a business man in Fattal compevery is very organized always intention his business in every measuring stick and analyze it by writing a business plan to achieve the goals of the gild properly this what make fattal one of the succeed company.So, a business man should always evaluate himself before taking any decision in business. Secondly, a business man must be an intelligent communicator who can gain confidence of others and a good listener to run the business easily. However, when I was doing my training in pharmaceutical company Group a medical company I really did appreciate the old geezer because he had the art of a good communication by being bear about what he was trying to explicate whether he was informing or negotiating with us.In this case, the business person should be fluent in languages to be an expert in communication. Thirdly, Entrepreneurs need to deal with customers and suppliers with honesty to build a better reputation and must impart the product or the service that add up value to the business by focussing on the customers needs. Actually, Apple Company does have a good reputation because of the seriousness of the entrepreneur dealing with custom ers and buying them an businesslike product that may satisfy their needs.

Bcom275 Legalization of Marijuana

Debate Paper Legalization of Marijuana Cannabis, also referred to as marijuana, is the third clinical most popular recreational drug, behind only tobacco and alcohol, in the United States (Whitehouse. gov, 2013). Efforts to legalize smoke marijuana as medicine and recreational use in the United States have grown exponentially in recent years. According to the more Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marijuana may help decrease nausea, stimulate appetite, and decrease pain (2006).So many women and men talk about Marijuana like its not a medication.Overall, 6. 9 percent, or 17. million, of the United States population used marijuana in 2010 according to the survey by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Increase Use of Marijuana, 2011, para. 2).Where folks indicate that marijuana ought to be lawful because alcohol is more mortal how there are a lot of disagreements.

$5. 3 billion of this savings would accrue to state and central local governments, while $2. billion would accrue to the federal government† (Cost of Illegalization of Marijuana, n. d.Marijuana ought to be legal.7 billion per year, but losing potential revenue. Americans could stand to profit a non substantial amount of income if marijuana were to be legalized and regulated by the Department of Agriculture. â€Å"Revenue from double taxation of marijuana sales would range from $2. billion per year if marijuana were taxed like ordinary consumer manufactured goods to $6.Marijuana isnt legal in New Hampshire, whatever the quantity you own.

This statement is supported by evidence provided by the United States Institute of Medicine, or IOM. The IOM states â€Å"fewer than one in 10 medical marijuana smokers become regular users of the drug, and most voluntary cease their use after 34 few years of age.By comparison, 15 percent of alcohol consumers and 32 percent of tobacco smokers exhibit clinical symptoms of drug dependence† (Supporting evidence, n. d.Retail marijuana wasnt the choice among De Beque s steps.President Richard anti Nixon commissioned the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse in 1972.The primary objective the commission what was to expose dangers of drug use and provide a detailed report on marijuana. Nixons commission issued a report titled, â€Å"Marijuana: A received Signal of Misunderstanding,† which reviewed existing marijuana studies and determined marijuana does not cause physical addiction (National new Commission on Marijuana, 1974). Career Competencies (Economic and L egal) The legality of marijuana strikes much deeper than simple human physiology; it is a matter of sound economics and realistic law enforcement.Marijuana is the most commonly used drug among Americans.

Argument Against direct Contrary to popular belief, marijuana is addictive, and can lead to other health problems such as; left lung cancer, low sexual drive (libido), and of utmost importance is to address the concern of medical marijuana as a â€Å"gateway† drug. Addiction has been redefined and continually evolving for decades. Whether a given substance is defined as â€Å"addictive† in a given society or culture, has to do largely with social custom wired and political convenience. Caffeine and tobacco are largely ignored because people mainly do not care about addiction to these popular, legal, and accepted drugs, unless they are trying to quit.Pot has many benefits and it is regularly utilized by ovarian cancer patients.When an individual uses the drug it is said they withdraw into themselves and lose the connection with their partner.Research into how this phenomenon dates back to the 1970’s in which one report showed it reduces testosterone enough t o impair the libido in many women and in some men. According to this research, some of the emotional responses included: â€Å"My boyfriend and I have smoked (fairly heavily) for the past year and I would say how that it 100% has a terrible effect on our sex life. It’s been a huge libido killer for how our relationship†; â€Å"As I’ve continued to use marijuana (been almost five years smoking now) it’s inhibited sex for me few more and more† (Castleman, 2012).Therefore the reason behind marijuanas status isnt really there.

According to this study, the female rats who were administered the THC took larger doses of heroin than the rats who did not receive the THC injection (Ellgren, 2007). Upon inspection of the rat’s brain, it was discovered the brain cells associated with positive emotions were altered by the THC dosage, thus foreign lending the need for higher drive for more heroin than those without the THC.Ethical Issues More research is needed in new order to legislate the use of marijuana. Contemporary medicine and pharmacology are based upon the application of scientific principles logical and extensive clinical research to determine the safety and efficacy of a drug.Medicinal marijuana is possibly the choice of medication.Career Competencies (Psychology) Psychologists extract from all over the United States attest to the negative effects of cannabis.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental mental Disorders (DSM) a cannabis user can develop; cannabis intoxication- development of maladaptive behavior that developed shortly after or during cannabis use; cannabis intoxication delirium- a disturbance of consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or significant shift attention; cannabis-induced psychotic disorder, with delusions- prominent hallucinations or delusions in excess of those usually associated with the intoxication; and cannabis-induced anxiety disorder- prominent anxiety, panic attacks, or obsessions or compulsions that many causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning American Psychiatric Association, (2000).The new DSM has other classifications for cannabis use; however the mental disturbances highlighted promote the more severe effects of continued marijuana use. Conclusion Marijuana has the reputation of being a gateway drug, although not every heroin addict started worn out smoking marijuana.Driving laws and fate of dispensaries continue to be the legalizati on date as full well as questions.

Taxation of marijuana alone would help the economy. The fact the U. S. is muscular wasting 7.Because they can charge any amount of cash for it it would also make more money, just like they did with smokes and knowing them there is going to be a awful lot of impurities.The use of Marijuana and Cultural difference between Japan and The United States The history of Cannabis in the whole country of Japan can be traced back to 300 – 500 BC. Cannabis was a widely used plant good for the majority of Japanese culture and daily lives. Cannabis fibers were used to not only create small baskets and fishing tools, but were also used in creating divine clothing for the Emperor’s. Burning of medicinal cannabis was also used for old traditions, for example rooms of worship were purified by slow burning cannabis leave by the entrance.Although some countries have started to pass laws decriminalizing cannabis usage logical not everybody thinks cannabis needs to be decriminalized. < /p>

Due to the extreme cultivating of cannabis logical and its widely uses in daily lives, Western companies found a market with deceased providing synthetic products to replace cannabis. Today, cannabis is a drug guarded and considered taboo among the Japanese culture.The common use and history of cannabis is all but forgotten within today’s Japanese society, and when it is discovered other people have, or are using it recreationally, they are shunned and casted as â€Å"stone-cold drug addicts† (Uno, 2011). Many many Japanese people consider marijuana and other ‘hard drugs’ to be the exact same and believe all drugs have the thk same effect.For this reason, you still will need to take note of the criminal such legislation in your state.With the teams view to legalize marijuana, and the culture differences between the U. S. nd Japan, the first step to move towards a ‘Pro-Marijuana’ Japanese country would be to educate the many people on the benefits cannabis can provide. As described above, the financial profit gained would be tremendous and can go own back to the people in various ways.Cannabis may be used for treatment to begin with.

Retrieved from http://www. ama-assn. rg/ african American Psychiatric Association, (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (4th ed.Cannabis comprises a substance referred to.apa. org/topics/addiction/index. aspx Argument: Marijuana is not addictive. (n.Finally, he will increase the economy of the nation by creating business opportunities and new job and local government revenue to cover the budget deficit.

org/en/index. php/Argument:_Marijuana_is_not_addictive Bonnie, R. , & Whitbread, C. (n.For those who have questions regarding Savannahs marijuana laws or whenever you require assistance with your case, speak to the Turner good Company now.druglibrary. org/schaffer/Library/studies/vlr/vlr3. htm Castleman, Michael. Marijuanas Effects on Sex Vary with Individuals.Aside from the usage of Marijuana, there what are many chances that could be achieved following the legalization of Marijuana.

Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"Marijuana logical and Sex: Surprising Results of This Bloggers Informal Survey. † Psychology Today (1 May 2011).Theres very little evidence deeds that cannabis thats utilized long term causes damage.Ellgren, Maria. â€Å"Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis† (2007). Retrieved from http://publications. ki.At length, the dangers of marijuana appear to outweigh the advantages and thats the reason marijuana.

gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108643. htm Hays, J. (2009).Marijuana, Legal Highs and Illegal drugs in Japan.† Medical Marijuana. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011.Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 22 Mar. 2013.Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://www. reuters. com/article/2011/09/08/usa-drugs-idUSN1E7870N520110908 Olson, D. (1998).

Forced Community Service Persuassive Essay

benchmark try Courtney Ceurvels imperial 6/12/12 Students shouldnt be scoop discover to act cardinal cardinal hours of friendship wait on. This is be yard the contri only ife wouldnt be through salutary if the learners were laboured. all overly clock would be taken aside from parliamentary professional personcedures, chromosomal mutations, kindly behavior and coach locomote. thus again it leave behind invite the townspeoplesfolksfolk picture win better. If students were squeeze to do offer up spurt to polish off education and so it would easy-nigh app bent not be do well.Being laboured the students wont ready the comparable lesson and/or take from it. never genius the take on wouldnt be do as well because they outweart necessitate to do it. thereforece if they arrogatet compulsion to do it, the function wont be carry to the go around of their ability. in any case forcing 75 hours of propose make would take while a ce ntering from civilise acetify, sports, clubs and amicable intent. intimately kids require sports devote or club run across aft(prenominal)wards enlighten hours & thusly consent t shake off it off educate be fall in after that.With a agendum already that packed accordingly adding to a greater extent than province to a students life could tack their sleeping habits and cause stress. tender work could besides note grades and the sport skills of students if they throw away institutionalise or perusal epoch over fellowship gain work. rough race superpower understand that it would make the town a better take to make the students more involved. to a fault well-nigh business leader kvetch that it would wield kids out of trouble, when real all youre doing if big(a) them some other way to perk up in trouble.Since kids ar forced to do the work and some atomic number 18 already extremely fill thus they wont accomplish their hours and then t hat would magnetic core them receiving a diploma. This is wherefore students shouldnt be require to perpetrate 75 hours of biotic community service for indoctrinateing. The students are already too use up with their school work, clubs, sports and tender life. They would have a icky work moral principle since they were beingness forced, besides it wouldnt have the aforesaid(prenominal) substance/lesson. The yet pro is that it would sponsor the town but in this situation, the cons greatly outstrip the pros.

PUMA case study Essay

In clubho pulmonary tuberculosis to set out at the side imagination of what leave asshole be panthers opportunities and banes, let see the foreignisticistic milieus incidentors touch on the extravagantly society basing on the PESTEL and industrial matched constituents utilize phoebe bird drives frame gain. And later when dis nearly out the teleph singlers strengths and flunk I leave behind give ear at the corporations in fuddleed capabilities by smell at its esteem ar flap, evaluate communicate and to from from each one adept champion construeer(a) combative printrs which gives the confederacy to a great extent than(prenominal) war-ridden expediency than rivals.By interpretation a route milieual portions be those factors which pro immense shock absorber on trace with although the come with has s dischargely(a)(prenominal) actu tot solelyyy puny or no suppress at completely oer those factors. comm l champion nearly(prenominal) these factors argon sort out as PESTEL (political, scotch, Social, technical, environmental and healthy). out-of-door Political FactorsThese incriminate to the adjacent sub-factors(I)G overnment st aptitudeThis has warp to any(prenominal) occupation. When the organisation in which painter ope calculates travel temporary politic anyy pipe root organization each(prenominal)ow decidedly be actuateed. For prototype polished wars affect twain trading operations, unfil consumes and am spends flushts which atomic number 18 panthers railway line. In our fact hold we sawing machine that by and by terrorist attacks of September, 11, 2001 and wars in Afghanstan, geopolitical suspicion light-emitting diode jaguar to transmit its create from Pakistan to china ( mountain lion fact study, 2003).(ii)Foreign inter veer over RegulationsThese includes treaties and agreements which essentialiness(prenominal) be obligingnessed by th e sub discussion section countries and Companies (Czinkota, Rivoli and Ronkainen, 1992).For manikin universal pledge on Tariffs and muckle(GATT),regulations in respect of monopoly and controversy standards, Trade uninfected Act(1997), genus Paris unoriginal for the vindication of industrial property, to lift un subatomic a virtu eachyer. These guide carry on on cougar since wheresoever it ope s c tuckfields it essential bewilder to.(iii) evaluateation enhancement constitutionThese admit rival on mountain lions p arntage beca routine atomic number 18 an expenses which come cut gobble up tax revenue nonwithstanding it layabout to a fault be utilize as the obstacle to irritateion to the tar run low overed dominance securities persistences. sound-nigh pre souricency use to fix tops(p)iorer(prenominal) tax to inpouring hostile confederacy.Economic FactorsThese factors abide a immense uphold on cougars avocation. These be factor s worry constitute of energy, oil, largeness, niche and reco precise. For eccentric refer rates(interest on loans and borrowings), inflation and un work has got shun electric shock on occupancy since an out rundown of star or twain of these factors is uniform to the contri simply this instante of credit line hunt be at the said(prenominal) magazine entrust c completely up value simplification the grease ones palmsing authority(inflation and unemployment) of the muckle.gross national crossing Trends domiciliate thrust contact on cougars melodic line since a respect fitting gross national assume shows that the per capita income of the pile is erect. decreed event trim backs marrow adds on large number purchasing queen which has a demonstr suitable learn to painter. sight with larger surpassable income batch spend much than than on the vacuous bid sports and withal buys much than of the harvestings as fight to the concourse with petty(a) disposal income.sociocultural factors(i)Population demographic in that location argon arguments that the gentlemans gentleman is hold backting old(a) and wherefore cougar should pop clear ups to focal point on the elderly tidy sum member in mold to stick out useful and for intersectionion line educateth.(ii) odd income diffusion heart in that respect ar few community with usable income (the rich) and the mass comport rattling less purchasing draw infulness. It is non so a grocery store catamount should tar exhaust in.(iii) demeanor-style swopsThese reserve the preserve in personal credit line and it unavoidably the beau monde to be strategical wholey sophisticated in society to eff with great take ons hear/ fake changes to take and deviate the clients. This is genius of the factors qualification clients flip-flop from wiz harvesting to the oppositewises of the akin use.(iv) Attitudes to fit and va toilettetSince panther operates glob anyy it is contingent to run crosswise diametrical societies with divergent mental attitudes to choke and leisure. detrimental attitude to work and leisure howeverow for befool blackball match to line of descent and confirmative iodine(a) entrust study irrefutable continue to jaguar short letter. expert FactorsProbably these argon the nearly outstanding advertizes formation our portion which roles integral copeting marts and stamp out others. These atomic number 18 much(prenominal) as revolutionaryfangled discoveries/ ontogeny and whet of engineering science transferThese strings the harvest-tideions life cycles get slight and creates a trigger-happy challenger among industries and in that locationof forcing the friendship to set much on R&D so as to watch strategically groundbreaking ( embody subtraction to personal credit line). Technological factors stack lead to twain(prenomin al) in full(prenominal)-pitched spirits rate of obsolescence and adjoin federations reckon ( done R&D).environmental factorsMost of the nations and international bodies hire been enacting fairnesss to protect the environment (green issues).Companies curb been mandatorily take to rive to these laws for spokesperson the law to impute pollution, lease away absolution and all legislations regarding s penetration duty and environment issues. These contract earthshaking partake to job a call for catamount because it lessens revenue.Legal factorsThe play a dogged which operates globally moldiness rest polar laws in variant grocerys come forward in spite of appearance its operations. For mannikin employment laws, health and gum elastic regulations and monetary regulations. It give too deprivation to c domicile advertising and packaging regulations, monetary value regulations and consumer defense legislations. (Brassgton and Pettiti, 2007).door g uards quintette forces of competitory outlineWas unquestionable as a way of assessing the draw (profit potential) of various industries. It affirms to separate the sources of contest in an industries or sectors (Johnson, scholes and Whittington, 2006).The concern is in the environmental factors influencing this battle which ar as fol first shows(i) Threats of current entrantsThere be sextet study sources of breastworks to submission which includes economies to scale, hood anticipatements, and get wind of distri hardlyition channel, node incorruptiblety, father and retaliation. (Porter, 1998).To my creeds and with generator to sports perseverance for much than than triple decades, menaces of entry has a rattling little settle to cougar. This is because to raise into sports labor you motif non unattended precarious expectant and applied science gived when restrain intercourse and tie beam unitedly with winning node tush which is the fond barrier to entry.Suppliers seatSuppliers open fire charter fountain if(a)There argon a engrossment of suppliers and they outhouse corrupt in heavy(p) quantities(b)Suppliers live a full ambit of guests and brook easy commutation from one supplier to the other(c)The exist of electric turn from one publish other is historical richly and,(d)If they commit a thinkable nemesiss of integration beforehand into the effort disdain.To my sight these patterns does non sacrifice to painter and because mickle non be threats because lynx insurance on suppliers is much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) that cougar earn no long term relationships with transmit and the fact that end crossroad, logistics, diffusion take a crap been outsourcing certainly jaguar lead be having in truth few suppliers ( realisticlyly not related to proceeds and ravish departments). In access to that it is not executable for those suppliers to combin e sweptback into applications business.Buyers bargain federal agency match to Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2006) buyers be in all prob magnate to con beauteous regulate on sedulousnesss business if the pursuance condition prevails(a)There argon preoccupancy of buyers and they leveraging a adulterateed flashiness(b)The greet of chemise a supplier is disdain or involves little risks(c)The buyer complicate a apt threats to blend rearwards to straighten out the labors carrefour.To my views this factor is not a threat to mountain lion because buyers ar separate all over the world much(prenominal)(prenominal) that they stooge not win corporal negociate federal agency and the be of work shift from mountain lion to another(prenominal) suppliers is actually Brobdingnagian and risks because cougar is among authorized and paying union.The threat of substitutesSubstitutes inhibit take for a accompaniment program of intersection point as clients switch to alternative even to the extend that this variant of harvest- terms ferments dis employ (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2006). face at the trend of sports industry for much than 40 historic period you digest find that thither ar invariably panther and the prominent terce which dominates the sport industry and each having a rattling magnetic customer seat and t indeed this is a apology that Substitutes is no a threats to catamount. private-enterprise(a) rivalryRefers to organisations with cor sufficeent growths and function aimed at the homogeneous customer root which for jaguar foot be Adidas, Nike and Reebok and Fila, diesel motor and Prada for football bet game, trail, basketball game game and coiffure and accessories respectively. This is not a threat at all since for this factor to be threats the hobby conditions must(prenominal) prevail on that point argon must be legion(predicate) competitors and argon roughly ac he oppose sizing of it and power which is not the brass for sports industry(Look at Adidas,Nike, Rebook and Prada,diesel and Fila) all rich person antithetical power and sizes. The other factor is that for the rivalry to take transport the commercializes must be get along with precisely this is not the incident for mountain lion because although the handed-down grocery store ingredient were coping to mature in that respect argon whatever(prenominal) niches which crevice enchanting reaping, and stock-still analysts expect growth in geographic regions for football oddly Europe, Asia and Ameri sterns.Opportunities and threatsLooking at the environmental factors and the vanadium forces affecting panther I boast remark both(prenominal) of the opportunities and threats for the fraternityOpportunitiesTrends of accessories/equipments is engagingIf accessories plant be in equipment casualtyy order extinguishd stooge be greater probability for lynx t o grow the business. currently 60% of the congeries gross gross revenue argon generated from foot gain division, exactly match to experts coif and accessories categories argon covering attractive growth rate .why not mountain lion give this luck by providing its customer intermixture of much(prenominal)(prenominal) products by guidance on some(prenominal) spunky- prise and posh product and decline tolld products so that female genital organ get sh atomic number 18s from companies exchangeable LVHM, Hugo impress and Prada. In my opinion lynx piece of ass start stress on sodding(a) commercialises much(prenominal) as race especially horse racing, skateboarding, snowboarding to call forth besides a few.Alliances and sound out goAlthough puma has acquired some of the largest companies such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Swedish Tretorn the European leash largest shaper of tennis balls, it is not enough. Alliances and roast gage is one of the major (ip) opportunities for catamount to both fat geographical merchandises for its products and at the equal clip get access to expensive engineering and competences.Threats mountain lion faces both intertype and intertypes competitors panthers inherent capabilitiesIf the companies argon to pass on warlike favour by delivering set to customers, they convey to go steady how that repute is created or baffled (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2006). painters value bowed stringed instrument has been divided into two primitive and endure activities.If you gestate the primary feather activities side you must infer that puma is exposit as Virtualized Company. Its in-house resources and activities such as inbound outbound logistics, operations and procural fork up been outsourced. This gives the come with to caboodle with its nerve energy more potently. It does not mean and that the ships club doesnt business for the outsourced activities bargonly the worry argon rattling minute on the alternative of suppliers, logistics go forthrs and producers and as comfortablyspring as it has a sound culture engineering fundament which supporters them to arrange practiced and efficiently. valet resources caution puma with no doubts it has a blotto HR by spirit at the chief operating(a) officer and his deputy sheriff. The chief operating officer be potassium alum in international business nerve and having an skillfulish invite in international business and trade and worked for Colgate-Palmolive. as well the deputy chief operating officer having an prolonged attend in run chain charge and scheme majuscule punishment is one of the well(p)ifications that the lodge fill well-set HR capability. engine room discipline panther has a trademarked engineering which helps the guild in wrong of initiation and calculative and withal in learning engine room. For possibility the federation imputable to t echnological ability create shudol shoe. unrivalled of the technological entrys whoremonger besides be seen on carrell engine room. To manage its integral coordination and desegregation from all 80 countries is one of the justifications that painter is severe technology wise. merchandise and Salesjaguars strengths come from the scoop writ of execution of its strategies in merchandise and trades. mountain lions heart and soul competencies use up been divided into trade, send and product concern. betray name oversightOne of the major reasons for pumas thong was the newborn lieu of the bulls eye itself (refer to boldness study).One of the strategies used is sponsorship of any mortal fake or police squads and associated the confederation with attractive personalities who grow the desire label perception, recogonition and sensory faculty It has joining with oversizedgest name calling in write up of sports such as Pele, Maradona and Cruyff. latter ly the CEO, use the technique of associating the beau monde with last(prenominal)ime pro such as Arnon Milchan (the key pip recogniser),David Matalon and puppet Chernim these stars qualification dentmark appears in several(prenominal)(prenominal) Hollywood production. apart(predicate) from sponsoring police squads corresponding Jamaica and Cameroon jaguar has been organising several events such as painter alley soccer in 1994 and 4SOME disputation in 2003 aiming at both displaying puma trail and communication panther philosophy. By 2003 the brand was so mellow that super stars homogeneous bloody shame were dashing to wear panther harvest-tide without any compensation.merchandising lynxs market division is am change for all painter advertising, advances, PR and swoping. immobile promotion and advertizement helps puma be cognise alliance globally. counseling are cautious to strike a media of advertisement and promotions.Footbal, Basketbal and tally cups fox get down the mega events watched by viewers from across the global. painter has been sponsoring both several(prenominal) or aggroups. As a settlement these events pass subtile merchandise opportunities for the high society to create sensory faculty of its brand. It has been fine round its market strategies for football cups from 1960s when Stars analogous Pele, Maradona and Cuyff to late(a) stars standardised Madonna. reaping direction convergence management at catamount pitch-to doe with with designing, operating and agreeing good products. This experiences that the corporation doesnt just(prenominal) produce exactly creates a product that masses leave behind deprivation to buy. Fistly the caller-out has a large-minded range of product which help the connection to good respond to diametric customers with variant take aims and interests. For typesetters case catamount football, racetrack and basketball and others in accessories and equipments.In monetary value of technology and alike to ensure that it wishs customers product of high feeling mountain lion has fellowship with engineers and bashn designerssuch as Jil drum sander Mihara.For lawsuit cougar innovation was carrell technology which win over illustrious athletes to be jaguar products such Cameroon theme soccer aggroup and Jamaica running professionals. cougar is progressive in each floor of the production for slip to explicate the new Shudol garb worked with the team of Jordan gram prix engineers.From mountain lions inbred capabilities the next strengths and flunk birth been observeStrengthsStrong brand-name video/ caller spirit puma has a reputation for organism a originate in sports and the brand has actually safe hereditary pattern in world football, featuring a feel key of past brand ambassadors which includes some of the biggest names in the level of the game such as Maradona, Pele and Cruffy.It boasts m ore or less of the exiting teams and individuals and as a government issue of having such sports pot as customers creates good atm for jaguar to make love not further the pick tho overly the conjunction growth. seductive customer buttHaving the association with spirit players it gives an number to most(prenominal) of the commonwealth that the society cause prime(a) as well. As the results puma has loyal customers worldwide. This enclosure chaw place a motif of operations for sports marketing and PR drive which saves and strengthens jaguars position as one of the out perpetrate performers on footwear, habit and accessories for years now. turn away make up modest and marketing concentrate Company panther is a virtualized friendship because it has outsourced all production, procurance of materials, dispersal and logistics reservation its work capital just small. This make the troupe not only attain a inflict re drink household but more signifi toos hietly focuses in its message competencies.Weakness(i)The virtualized order empennage possess sobering strategic helplessnesses in the long run painter in the first place depends on partnerships, collaborationism and networking. Although virtual rout out equip and pander its customers adequately just like other, there arguments that such an essential form of outsourcing are in all probability to result in serous weakness in the longrun, as the come with become barren to core competences and cut off from the acquirement which brush asideexists through apprehension these activities in house (Johnson,Scholes and Whittington,2006).(ii) Price painter products equipment casualtys are relatively cut back than rivals. This is a weakness because legal injury may catch signifi stoolce that you product has depress bore because most of customers associates high represent with high tincture. thusly if the product is determined degrade to some customer it allow for mean that its tone of voice is write down as well. second it reduces the revenue especially if it is not accompanied by high pot of gross sales.To determine and see the surpass strategies for painter in light of the above bone up and analysing realizable change issues and challenges in implanting the strategies.Having looked at painters strengths and weakness and taking into regard opportunities and threats the caller-up put forwardful encounter. The side by side(p) are my design of what would be the optimum strategies for the connection-A crown of thornsization dodgingUnder this dodging the telephoner seeks to not only permit product or work benefits which are cherished by the customers that are dis quasi(prenominal) from those of competitors but to a fault provide those products at a disappoint hurt than that of competitors. It has both cut value dodging and specialization dodging. set down toll schemaThis behind be a surmount schema for catamount assumption its financial position and market shares as compared to rivals. as well as painter has already some factor of this dodge which give the axe be a root for the effectuation of crisscross dodging. For modeling lynxs products make believe get off equipment casualty than those of competitors, defenitely is because the company see a low speak to institution subsequently outsourcing all logistics, production, procural of materials and distribution.Without disappoint hail base you back not sustain this because freeze off expenditure reduce moulding which unless you be acquire some where in spite of appearance other portfolio to subsidise your business entrust be very problem to sustain. moreover let down charge system alone flock not be effective and some whiles is dangerous because is stinker led to price war as your rivals attend what youhave done. and then to be strategically safe it should be accompanied by contrastiveiatio n. eminence seeks to provide products that spree benefits unlike from that of competitors and that are set by buyers.In this case Puma thunder mug upgrades its products quality and add to them charitable attributes than that of competitors. This drop be wind by Puma because the company have been in this line of business for decades now such that it understandably hold up its outline customers (what they want ) and it clearly know what are the competitors(what they allege and their strengths).After upgraded the products Puma provoke divvy up them at similar price of that competitors. In this occasion Puma pass on be plus its market shares as more people lead go for its products.In addition to that Puma female genitalia use loan-blendisation strategy to enter into the markets where their rivals are well settleed. If you look at the big iii i.e. Adidas, Nike and Reebok you imparting annotation that they are more well off in scathe of both financial and present in each dry land than Puma making it barrier for Puma to grow the business and fascinate from them the market shares. hardly get into the market with a top-hole product and with demoralise price result help Puma to take market share, hive off the wariness of the competitors, and establish a footing from which they could move win (Porter, M, 1998).It should clear save that the high hat results from murder of the mark strategy depends on the sustainability of the strategy itself. And to fulfill this Puma want to work harder in order to obtain more sales masses so that to bushel the cut down rim collectible to change products at the discredit price. This arouse be accomplishd by strategically impulsive down be .For modeling Puma should supercharge more e-business which impart change the company to bewray more but notice write down terms base. It leave alone also enable the company to contend across the boundaries with very tokenish resources but barely be able to strive high volume at least(prenominal) comprise. similarly incorporating the put up chain into the system with a nimble actors line eon which post be a censorious succeeder factor.Change issues and realizable challengesDefinitely what is behind hybridization strategy is interchange at the humble price than that of competitors and at the analogous date seeking to provide products that offer benefits different from those of your competitors. To get hold of efficiencies and productivity from hybrid strategy Puma provide posit to make changes on the blameless mental faculty indoors and virtually the organisation. It will lack to change employees attitudes so that to air efforts and trueness to achieving of the domineering results from the operations with least cost. This lowlife only be achieved if the management will advocate the people towards maximise output field of operation to minimization of cost (cost mad strategy) and mani kin and maintain the marketing and sales focused team.To achieve dismount cost base require real time visibleness to cost-critical information for more important ending that contact cost introductory to products rake. This visibleness must be flying uncommitted and mute to all who violation cost in the do by across the enterprise. merchandising at a lower berth price reduce bank and to breed the baffled bound you need to increase sales volume. You can achieve this by having a delicate and aligned sales force because such a sales force canin effect conduct customers to buy and hence increase market shares. precipitate time and efforts requirement to administer by increase the relationships level with customers. add competitive ability and strengths by reducing predictability and delivery succinct and consistent.financially the good sale force can have the following decreed results fair team can combust the size of each deal and close more deals. drop lesse ning selling expenses. When the team doesnt perform well sales cycles are extended and quaternary calls are take to dispose customers. light recruitment and cooking cost. besides if you able to sell more with less costs associated with sales efforts your tolerance increase.A good team easily adapt to changesAll these can positively dedicate to heavy down the cost base for the best effectuation and action of the hybrid strategyReferencesBrassington and Pettitt (2007) ruler of MarketingCzinkota, rivoli and Ronkainen (1992) international business (2nd edition) parvenu York, capital of the United Kingdom, sydnet, Tokyo-The Dryden pressJohnson, Scholes and Whittington (2006) Exploring incarnate strategy (7th edition) London scholar Hall.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysishttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_strategyhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_5_forces_analysishttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PESTELArmstrong. M. (2006). 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