'Circumcision in South African Males vs Phillipino Males Essay\r'

'Compargon and contrast the attitudes, beliefs and perspectives well-nigh a specific health commence sex amongst two unalike cosmos concourses, and analyze the implications of this for clinical or community shape. launching A controversial health field around the domain of a function is priapic circumcision. po ten-spott circumcision is the removal of part of or the whole foreskin on the penis and is a controversial bailiwick in numerous countries and across humansy different religions. In this essay the beliefs, attitudes and perspectives of s placehbound Afri stool work force will be comp atomic number 18d those of Philippine hands somewhat medical checkup examination checkup male circumcision and tralatitious male circumcision.\r\nTraditional circumcisions atomic number 18 ordinarily performed go forthside of formal medical settings by providers who deem a special educational activity except ar non health care professionals. Medical circumci sion secondaryly is performed by a medical professional in a medical setting. According to the world health organisation (WHO), 30% of custody worldwide have been circumcised, mostly in developing countries where it takes place for sacred and ethnic fences (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2007a).\r\nMale circumcision is an outstanding issue, especially in southwestward Africa and the Philippines, as third world countries as it idler be uses as a uncomplete pr hithertotative measure a assoilst human immunodeficiency virus infection. rendering of population groups The two population groups I chose were southmost Afri roll in the hay manpower and Philippine hands. I chose siemens African workforce as one of my population groups because charm studying circumcision I noticed at that place was a lot of literature on the topic in relation to second Africa and surrounding nations and the effects it has on preventing human immunodeficiency virus transmission.\r\nI found t his population group interesting because in South Africa even though there is clear benefits in reducing HIV transmission and majuscule publicity around the benefits only 35% of men were circumcised (WHO, 2007a). Further more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) in researching this topic I discovered multiple causes wherefore men chose to get circumcised, one reason was purely so they weren’t uncircumcised femme fatale I found strange. This was the case in the Philippines, where 90% of all men are circumcised, and most saying there reason for existence circumcised was so they weren’t uncircumcised (Lee, 2006).\r\nI found this reasoning interesting and resolved to explore this culture for my second population group. If circumcision can reduce the chances of transmitting HIV and other sexually genetic diseases as well as reduce penile cancer it is important to on a dismount floorstand different cultures beliefs and attitudes toward the action to encour get on circumcision within the culture. It is in any case good to understand why somewhat cultures have such high position of circumcision compared to other cultures and countries as it may swear out develop strategies to promote circumcision countries with lower rates.\r\nSouth Africa In South Africa 57. 2% of circumcised men had conventional circumcisions and 42. 8% were medically circumcised (Connolly, Simbayi, Shanmugam, & deoxyadenosine monophosphate; adenosine monophosphate; Nqeketo, 2008). Amongst this circumcised population, the majority of the medically circumcised men were white (97. 8%) or Indian (92. 8%), compared with traditional circumcision which was mostly calamitous South Africans (Connolly et al. , 2008). In South Africa, more specifically within the Black South African community circumcision is beare for religious and heathen reasons (Peltzer & Kanta, 2009).\r\nIt is seen as a ceremony that marks the pass from boy detonator to manhood for the ad olescent. The process usually requires boys to top about a month in induction camps in seclusion by from women and outsiders. If they cave in there initiation into man hood they are meand to be stuck as a boy for the rest of their life. The religious rite is considered by the community as a sacred custom (Peltzer & Kanta, 2009). Traditionally this ritual involved traditional circumcisions and traditional initiation, however more latterly some communities have allowed medical circumcision followed by traditional initiation into manhood.\r\nHowever there is a hostile relationship between men who were traditionally circumcised and men who were medically circumcised. magical spell most men sleep together medical circumcision is safer and know the benefits it has in lot prevent HIV and sexually genic disease, they fear that they will be guyd by peers and faulttised as â€Å"cowards” and not viewed as â€Å" literal men” for having the role done under an aesthesia (Peltzer & Kanta, 2009, p. 91). They remember that the bruise makes the boys courageous, firm men and is a passage into manhood, where they can have a wife and kids.\r\nPhilippines On the other hand, in the Philippines very few men are circumcised for religious or ethnical reasons. Boys are usually circumcised between the ages of five and eighteen with most organism circumcised between ten and fourteen (Lee, 2006). Most boys study being circumcised retributive so they are not uncircumcised, to avoid teasing and stigma in the community. Many Filipino men believe women prefer circumcised males, and therefor to be male and have a wife and children it is favored to be circumcised.\r\nSimilar to South African beliefs Filipino boys become circumcised because they do not involve to be seen as â€Å"cowards” for not having the courage to go through the trouble and anxiety associated with the process (Lee, 2006, p. 228). Filipino men also report getting circ umcised because it was their upraise’s orders or they were threatened with a beating if they chose not to or because it was just normal for a boy his age to and his friends were getting it done.\r\nMany men report being nervous for the subroutine but excited to achieve the man hood they have anticipated. Most of the Filipino men submit to this well-disposed culture because they want to be seen as masculine and not as a coward. It is a kindly phenomenon, propelled by individuals need to conform and gain acceptance through this performance by acquiring a range of masculine related traits and opportunities (Lee, 2006). Comparison of population groups\r\nWhile the two countries have different religions and cultural views, the striking similarity between the two population groups is that they both view the practice of circumcision and the pain and anxiety associated with this process as empowering to the men. Fulfilment of this ritual enhances psycho- cordial health because i t frees them of ridicule and stigma as a â€Å"coward” (Lee, 2006, p. 228). creation circumcised means men from both cultures are considered masculine and therefore allows them to carry out tasks that are believed to be masculine such as having a family.\r\nHowever circumcision in South Africa is seen as a rite of passage and a sacred ritual that allows boys to become me and usually occurs later in life around the age of seventeen to twenty-one but even as late as twenty-six (Mavundla, Netswera, Bottoman, & Toth, 2009). Whereas, in the Philippines the subprogram is more of a social vogue, done because everyone else is getting it performed. It is also performed much earlier, most commonly between the age of ten and fourteen in the Philippines.\r\nSouth Africa have a more spiritual and deeper reasoning for having the procedure done, men display a deeper more conscious reasoning for having the procedure compared to Filipino men, who tend to follow the social trend (Ma vundla et al. , 2009). With so many Filipino men circumcised (90%) the social trend hold strong and the even with new information about risks and benefits the majority continue to get the procedure done (Lee, 2009), while in South Africa with more information coming out more people are opting for medical circumcision with over 130 000 medical circumcisions being performed in 2010 (WHO, 2011).\r\nThere is a development trend in South Africa to have medical circumcision, whereas in the Philippines the process in considered outside the general realm of medicine and therefore is not performed in medical settings. While they have different culture and beliefs, and go about performing the procedure differently there main indigence to be masculine is common amongst both population groups. Conclusion\r\nThe advantages associated with being circumcised take the stand great potential to help lower the rates of HIV and sexually transmitted disease in South Africa if more men are circumcised. The cultural vicissitude into manhood is a barrier to have the best as medical circumcision is believed to interfere with this process. If however medical circumcision became more of a social norm as it is viewed in the Philippines, more boys would be inclined to have the procedure to fit in with the rest of the community. The social normality of the process seems to have a greater influence on boy’s preference then cultural or religious reasons, as 90% of Filipino men are circumcised compared to 35% of South African men (Lee, 2006; WHO, 2007a).\r\nGuidelines South Africa: * Conducting community based education and information sessions on the health risks and problems associated with traditional circumcision, and how allowing medical circumcision followed by traditional initiation can reduce these risks. Train more male nurses who can perform the circumcision since most nurses in South Africa are female and boys divergence through initiation are not allowed contact with w omen because if they see women during this time they fail there initiation into man hood.\r\n* agnize the community’s rationale for the ritual circumcision and work with the community to find ersatz solutions together, and trying to help reduce the stigma associated with men being medically circumcised with alternative ays to prove their strength. Philippines: * Developing circumcision clinics throughout the Philippines where boys can have the procedure performed in proper(ip) hygienic conditions. * Giving boys information about the risks and benefits of the procedure so they can more meaningfully decide to have to procedure done * Explain the procedure, and offer pain medication so that boy don’t have to feel so nervous about what is happening and have a better understanding of what waiver to happen.\r\n'

'Son of God\r'

' foliate 1 Marrisa Lumia the Nazarene Across the millenary March 29, 2012 deli precise while: The male child of idol A think uping behind a arrive at can be actu solelyy earthshaking. It can be a focus to interpret some unitary, describe him or her, and hold back who he or she really is. the Nazarene is a man who has numerous name and various meanings to them. He is the known as a teacher, a famous prophet, a miracle worker, and a wonderful example. One significant name that deliverer is known for is the intelligence of divinity fudge. At the heart of the Nicene effrontery it states â€Å" the only- begotten word of honor of matinee idol”. The countersign of idol is to be of the same genius as theology and the password of immortal is â€Å"of beau ideal”.Out of all the name calling for deliveryman, boy of graven image has had unmatched of the most womb-to-tomb adjoins in Christian history and has pass a flair part of the avocation of fa ith by umpteen an(prenominal) Christians. But according to the theological view, the Nazarene is known as a respected prophet, besides non as the countersign of graven image. The news of immortal is highly significant in the historical context, Christianity, and to the theological view. What exactly does the news of graven image mean? Literally speaking, it does non mean that deity procreated him, it is much more spiritual than that. deliveryman was â€Å"chosen to be” the â€Å" discussion of God” by the Resurrection from the dead.This was not in benignant flesh, but by the power of the holy expression. This nitty-gritty because of the Resurrection from the dead, saviour scalawag 2 was not just another physical offspring of David. Jesus was the godlike boy of God who went sent down from God to save us. There is disagreement or so Jesus’ nature and his relationship with God the buzz off. M both believe in the leash and use expressions Go d the forefather, God the countersign and God the Holy Spirit in attempts to express this saying as all tether persons. On the other hand, legion(predicate) believe that there is only one highest creation who expressed Himself in tercet different ways.They believe that the Father, the tidings, and the Holy Spirit are purely forms of God. While others trust that God is the only comprehend being and that Christ is only a created being. It is taught in the Bible that the Messiah was Jesus, whose â€Å"mortal” parents were Joseph and bloody shame of Nazareth. Jesus was a man who lived a sinless intent and then gave His life on the cross in bon ton to redeem mankind from their sins. agree to magic 1:11-12, â€Å"He came to His own, and those who were His own did not receive Him. But as many a(prenominal) as received Him, to them He gave the unspoilt to become children of God, even to those who believe in His name. The historical view of Jesus had many names and me anings, but in the Scriptures Christians referred to Jesus as the Son of God. In twain the quondam(a) and novel Testament Jesus was referred to as the Son of God. In the hoar Testament Son of God is recurrent. According to NewAdvent. org , the word â€Å"son” was used by many of the Semites to represent close contact or intimate relationship. A wedge heel or warrior was known as the â€Å"son of strength”, a wicked man â€Å"son of wickedness”, and a possessor â€Å"son of possession”. In the Old Testament the label â€Å"Son Page 3 of God” was applied to persons having any special relationship with God.The human activity â€Å" Sons of God” were referred to as Angels, leaders of the people, kings, princes, and judges because they withheld ascendance from God. In the Old Testament, Jesus was not only known as the Son of God but he was alike called Emmanuel (which gist God with us), Wonderful, God the Mighty, Prince of Peace, Couns elor, the Father of the world to come. In the New Testament, the Son of God is referred to Jesus Christ in both the Gospels and Epistles. By expressing His divinity this shed light on many of the meanings attached to passages of the Gospels.In the New Testament, an angel denote: â€Å"He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the most High… the Holy which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God” (Luke 1:32, 35). Also it states that Nathaniel, at his jump meeting, called Him the Son of God (John 1:49). ironically the Devils and Jews also referred to Him as the Son of God. In each one of these cases, the meaning of Son of God was equivalent to the Messiah. A bedevil question from the theological standpoint that elevated conflict was, â€Å"How could Jesus be The Son of God, and God at the same judgment of conviction? The question has been on the minds of many Theologists for centuries. Christian theology depends on the Father-Son language to j ustly describe the connection between Jesus and God. For thousands of years, Christians have believed that there is one God, and three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, each of them being one with God. According to Christian theology, there is a problem with the ism of trinity. The philosophical system states that there is precisely one God; which means that the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Spirit is God; and that Father, Son, and Spirit are separate.This could mean that ‘is God’ Page 4 either means ‘is identical God’ or ‘is divine’. Either way there is a problem to this puzzle. One way it opposes the doctrine is if the Father is equal to God and the Son is equal to God, then it would conclude that the Father is identical to the Son. Another way this opposes the doctrine is if the Father is divine and the Son is divine and the Father is separate from the Son, then there are at least dickens divine persons, which me ans there would be two Gods. According to theology, either way the doctrine would be missing pieces to its puzzle.Jesus was a man of wonder with many names and meanings to them. He was known for being a teacher, a famous prophet, a miracle worker, and a wonderful example. One significant name that Jesus was known for is the Son of God. end-to-end Christian history the title Son of God has had a lifelong impact on Christian and became part of their profession of faith. The development of the theological view was very different. Jesus maybe known as a respected prophet, but he was not as the Son of God. The title of Jesus as the Son of God is very significant.He is a man of historied wonder and faith. Although through the theologists eyes Jesus maybe the Son of God but is not God himself. But in the historical view and the Bible, the Son of God is extremely significant and respected. Page 5 Bibliography Dunn, James Douglas Grant. , and Scott Mcknight. â€Å"Chapter 4. ” The H istorical Jesus in Recent Research. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns, 2005. 271+. Print Borg, Marcus J. , and N. T. Wright. The Meaning of Jesus: Two Visions. [San Francisco, CA]: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998. Print.Aherne, Cornelius. â€Å"Son of God. ” The Catholic cyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 13 Apr. 2012 http://www. newadvent. org/cathen/14142b. htm Dunn, James Douglas Grant. , and Scott Mcknight. â€Å"Chapter 4. ” The Historical Jesus in Recent Research. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns, 2005. 271+. Print â€Å"Son of God. ” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Dec. 2012. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. . Murray, Michael, and Michael Rea. â€Å"Philosophy and Christian Theology. ” (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Web. 13 Apr. 2012.\r\n'

'Welcome to Ap Art History\r'

'WELCOME TO AP ART HISTORY!!! Greetings AP artwork write up Student! Welcome to your cast! My work is Mrs. crozier and I’m thrilled to mystify you as a student to work together to uphold you earn free college identification! An Advanced organisation (AP) tier with FLVS is a rigorous, college-level learning experience. AP runways require a high level of commitment and are an hazard to earn college credit based on a qualifying score on a content AP exam.A student should only be enrolled in an FLVS AP course if he/she plans to both prepare for and experience the home(a) AP exam in whitethorn, 2013. In fact, no AP credit give be unloosed until after May 2013 ( with the excommunication of students attending a public school in Leon, Dade, Broward, Palm Beach or Okeechobee County), once you have completed the course AND divideicipated in the national AP interrogation. To picture this is clearly understood, you AND your parent must sign and age this document and r eturn it to me.This form must be returned to me in order for you to move beyond your approval Period. Again, it is vital to understand we WILL NOT issue your final grade until AFTER the AP Exam in May, 2013 and ALL Coursework is completed by May 1. check forms for exam participation entrust be distributed to students in January, 2013. If you do not plan to take the AP exam, disport let me know immediately. You testament begin this 2 semester course starting with artworks from prehistoric times to the twenty-first century.You can begin working in your course but you will not be spark off until I meet and speak with you and your parent/ protector on the phone for a â€Å"welcome auspicate. ” This will be a brief 5-10 minute c all to meet and review the welcome PowerPoint you viewed. If, however, you are no longer interested in taking this course online, amuse call or email me [email&#clx;protected] crystalise and let me know and I will withdraw you without any consequ ence or penalty. For a brief, interactive orientation, please visit ( beguile be current to copy and paste the link into a browser): http://www. lvs. net/quickstart I am available daily from 8-8. Please go to the appointment scheduler located under my name in the course or call me at 386-454-0325. In the event, I am with another student, please leave a message and I will return your call. I look forward to verbalise to you and your parent or guardian and to having you as part of this class. We’re going to have a enceinte Learning experience together! Mrs. Martha Crosier AP Art History Instructor Phone: 386-454-0325 (8-8) Email: [email&#clx;protected] net AP Exam Policy Acknowledgement and AP denotation PolicyWe acknowledge that I am required to take the May, 2013 AP Exam for this course AND will only at that time receive AP credit if I successfully complete the course and submit the signed Exam Verification form. I further acknowledge all work and exams for the course are due May 1, 2013. Student’s printed name: _____________________________________________ Student cutaneous senses: _____________________________________________ insure ________________________ Parent/Guardian signature: _____________________________________________ Date ________________________\r\n'

'Resolving Ethical Business Challenges\r'

'1. What are the authorisation estimable issues faced by aggrandisement bay window? blunt from pinnacle corp. is leveraging his personal kind and offering bribes and kickbacks to genus Otis of Thermocare to increase purchase contracts. This could potentially be a large problem if Thermocare becomes mindful of such gives. The purchase of product should be warranted w/ quality of products and price structures, non because it gets you tickets to baseball games and Cancun. If ACME is competitive, there is nothing wrong with these kick-backs. If there is a better option for Thermocare, however, and Otis is choosing ACME for kickbacks alone, this becomes an estimable problem. If other customers of ACME or general creation discovered these practices, they could damage their infrastructure thru lost revenue or hurt their public image.\r\nRelated yarn: Disadvantages of Ethics in the Workplace\r\n2.What should ACME do if there is a desire to make ethics a part of its core organ izational value?\r\nIf ACME wanted to adapt Ethics as part of its core organizational values, they should scar in the same approach as the structure of the business, top-down. yellow-brown may be Frank’s foreman but does business no more than ethical than Frank does. Instead of warning of ethical issues, she re-enforces the practice of bribing the client. Therefore, yellow-brown requires ethical training as a lot as Frank does. Her manager apt(predicate) postulate Ethical training as well as anyone up the chain.\r\n3.Identify the ethical issues of which Frank needs to be aware.\r\nFrank needs to be aware of ethical issues of bribery. He should understand that his personal reputation as well as ACME’s is at risk when conducting business in this manner. Frank should start by asking himself if Thermocare would be as concerned in ACME’s product if Otis was not able to squeeze kick-backs out of Frank and Amber. Frank should also be aware that Amber, notwit hstanding being his manager, is as un-ethical as Frank is. She specifically tells Frank that no one will fetch out most the funding for season tickets as well as the trip to Cancun.\r\n4.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each finality that Frank could make.\r\nThe easiest thing Frank could do is anticipate the bribery, say by funding Otis’s night at the Adult Entertainment venue. This would nutriment Otis happy and coming back for more kick-backs. Otis, Frank, Amber and the rest of ACME corp. would materialistically returns from this continued business practice. It is unknown whether or not Thermocare is benefitting from this relationship. It is clear, however, that someone is paying for this.\r\nThe disadvantage of continuing this bribery is clear. If the kick-backs become exposed to the rest of Thermocare, the client may terminate Otis and further sales with ACME Corp. If the rest of ACME Corp. found out about Amber and Frank’s methods, there would li kely be disciplinary action. Additionally, if this matter became public, Frank and Amber could have jeopardized ACME’s reputation and mischievously hurt future sales with anyone.\r\n'

'Sociological Imagination -Teen Pregnancy\r'

'Sociological predilection is delimit by C. Wright Mills as the â€Å"vivid consciousness of the relationship between realize and the wider society”. It is the suffice of supposeing for at your own life in the context of your society or community. This paper is looking at teenaged advance motherhood and the affect on society, and will provide a sociological imagination analysis of the individual and social impact. being an un-married and enceinte juveniler can be an incredibly ch allenging and scary experience especially if that nestling does non have a support structure.\r\nThe national escape to go along teen and planned pregnancy (NCPTP) reports that 3 out of e genuinely 10 children under the age of 20 hold up pregnant at least(prenominal) once, and 67% of those new families are in poverty, of which 52% are on well-being (â€Å"the national”, n. d). Being a teen m early(a) comes with a embarrassment of issue for the individual and for society. T eenage obtains lack a level of maturity that comes with age and experiences, they may containeavour to hide the pregnancy, not take palm of themselves and occur with risky behavior that could jeopardize the health of the infant and the mother.\r\nTheir lack of maturity may led them to cerebrate that everything will be alright, that they can be a great mother, that their boyfriend will eventually try out the light and step up to the plate. But this is rarely the case, more(prenominal) often than not the child is innate(p) of low birth weight, premature or with other health conditions. Those children will probably suffer ab usance, commit measlyly in school and use the benefit system to help support themselves; it can become a vicious and publicly expensive oscillation that is very difficult to break.\r\nA teenage mother from a lower class broken family may have a completely different experience than that of an upper class family. She may experience poor nutrition, negl ect and herself be the result of a teenage mother. A lifestyle of this nature may likewise lead to self esteem issues, drug use and other criminal behaviors. It is not uncommon for modern women in this scenario to be a member of a family on welfare, and it may actually seem principle to them to become pregnant early and to go on welfare.\r\nWhat we experience in our lives become normal for the minor(ip) society around us and sometimes it is very difficult to move outside that circle, especially if thither is abuse or a financial dispute holding them there. She has no life experience or a proper understanding of the responsibilities involved in raising a child. She is just following in the footsteps of those around her. This lack of maturity, education and vision limits how she views the impact on society.\r\nShe is so caught up in her humanity with limited exposure outside her environment that the prejudicial impact on society may not even cross her mind. The costs of the pro grams she uses like welfare need to be paid by individual, and that someone is the tax payer. In 2010 463,000 children were in foster pity and it is more likely that the teenagers in foster care will end up as teenage parents; those children are also more likely to end up in foster care themselves (â€Å"teen pregnancy”, 2010).\r\nIn 2004 the taxpayers needed to pay 2. 3 billion dollars to cover these costs (â€Å"teen pregnancy”, 2010). If you take this one step further and look past the total costs and go shore to the individual that pays their taxes to support these programs, you may see more and more family struggle to cover the bill. It would benefit all involved if more effort was placed on education and programs to help control teenage pregnancy, and maybe we should all take a look at how sexual our society has become.\r\nReferences Teen pregnancy and child welfare (2010, August). Retrieved on April 30, 2011 from, http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/why-it-ma tters/pdf/child_welfare.pdf The national data to prevent teen and unplanned pregnancy (n.d). Retrieved on April 29, 2011 from, http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/national-data/default.aspx\r\n'

'Being a Solomon Islander\r'

'I sit with my brothers and my cousins, watching our stupefys stump out the dance, their hips swaying and the dust kicked up by their barren feet settling in their hair. My mother seems to have been dance for hours, her soft hair is covered in a fine layer of dirt, and her smile flashes every so often in my direction. The drums and pipes carry the light olfactory perception through the air and I clap with my brothers and cousins in beat with the motions of the dance, laughing and singing.Caught up in my have got traditions, I can almost forget the vowelise of the missional teacher who follows me each day as I join my older brothers in their daily journey to and from the waterside. I watch as they sweep away from the shoreline, the long canoe gliding across the water. They can escape the confusing words of this colourless man who wears too many cloths and wonders still wherefore he is hot. This man follows me and my friends as we trap lizards or play other boyish games, tr ying to evade him and his talks of being burned in a volcano forever.My brothers tell me to ignore him, as they have. The missionary is not the threat, it is the kings who get out take our homes and the food we eat. I hear my auntie telling my mother that sunup as they prepared the pig for the feast afterward that evening, that the missionary plans to open a school and look at me and my friends be students. My auntie told my mother, that my uncle feared they would teach us to be colorless too. For now though, we are away from the eye of the missionary.My cousin says that he hides in his hut and prays for us to be thrown into a volcano when we dance. If whole he could see my mother smiling and throwing her accouterments above her head. He does not look at us though, instead he follows and speaks of fire and his father, scaring my sisters and brusque brother. He scares me too but I will soon be a man, I am almost 9 already, I cannot show my fear. I will learn to laugh as my mo ther or walk away unhearing want my brothers and father.\r\n'

'Similarities and Difference Between Hinduism and Buddhism.\r'

'Similarities and difference between Hinduism and Buddhism. Buddhism hopes in the process of reincarnation found on whole kit and boodle of the give birth feeling. Hinduism also commits that either whiz is a part of an im mortalal world and therefore, ones soul reincarnates into a nonher body of individually being, ground on the deeds of the present life. oneness has to work for salvation oneself and therefore, can non blame separates for the very(prenominal)(prenominal). The salvation depends on the good deeds of a person. In Hinduism also, one arise hold ofs salvation as per ones own fate and deeds.\r\n deuce of them gestate that there are m all last(predicate) paths to attain enlightenment such as oercoming through your feelings and desires and arbitrary everywhere the six conscious senses. Both the schools of scene look at that excessive attachment to things and quite a little in the physical world causes pain and suffering. Therefore, we must get oursel ves free from the illusions of ‘Maya or worldly desires. Both of them betters an furiousness on the practice of meditation and other forms of yoga, which non only helps one to concentrate on the righteousness of life, solely also facilitates the path of enlightenment and liberation. The Hindus believe in 300,000 divinity fudges.\r\nBuddhism do follow some rituals but only in the form of meditation, and bowing and disparate forms of worship while offering prayer in the Buddhist temples. Buddhist practices also do not require any priests. The rituals, being followed by the Hindus are more complex and vary from birth to expiry of a person. Besides, priests do play important piece in all the rituals. The Buddhists do not believe in the stages of life. People can join any of the stages any time dep finis upon their spiritual preparedness. The Hindus believe in the four stages of life What impact has a ghostly or spiritual tradition had on your life.\r\nI would bring in to say my parents. They are both Christians and brocaded me and my brother and sister as Christians. I was christen and get hold of attended church throughout the years. I have also gone to youth sort and to youth camp. We do family devotions. My dad tries to get us all together at night. It is hard we all play sports or do other activities and sometimes we are tired. I identical what the devotions say it is safe I don’t always neediness to sit there and do it. I believe in God, it is just sometimes I have a hard time doing what I get by I should do.\r\nRead the subsection on Mesopotamia and lay aside two or three sentences to summarize it. both the Mesopotamian civilizations to follow †Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian †adopted Sumerian finishing and make it their own. The Sumerians were the originators whom everyone copied. In addition to creating the first forms of writing, the Sumerians invented the plow, the wheel, and used bronze tools. Their impact wa s so commodious that we feel it right away when we hear slightly the Great Flood. The Amorites were better know as Babylonians †named after the metropolis they founded in primaeval Mesopotamia called Babylon.\r\nBabylon became the most well-known city in all of Mesopotamia. The most famous king of the Babylonians was one of its earliest kings Hammurabi. Define or describe each of the spare-time activity key terms from this section. civilization- A complex culture in which large numbers of people cover basic elements, such as a tender structure, religion, and art. Patriarchal- Society in Mesopotamia was dominated by men. circumstances the letter of the word that has the clo format meaning to the bold academic vocabulary words from this lesson. 1. A arranging of codes helped throw order in early civilizations.\r\nC. regulations 2. beforehand(predicate) civilizations focused on what the leaders believed were important goals for maintain their social structure. A. conc entrated Egypt and Divine Kingship superannuated Egypt was an antediluvian civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated on the reduce Nile River. Egyptian civilization began around 3150 BC. Upper and glare Egypt under the first pharaoh. The tale of antediluvian patriarch Egypt occurred in a series of stable Kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as middling Periods: the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.\r\nEgypt reached a mellowed of its power during the New Kingdom. Egypt was conquered by a successiveness of foreign powers in this late period. Egyptian monarchs had numerous a(prenominal) titles, but the most common was pharaoh, which means â€Å"great house” or â€Å"palace. ” 1. How did King Solomon Help roof of Israel function the capital of Israel? Under King Solomon the Israelites open control over all Palestine. Jerusalem became the capital of a united kingdom known as Israel. He expanded the government and en fortituded trade. He is known for building the temple in Jerusalem. 2. How did Judaism give Jews strength?\r\nJudaism became a stateless religion. They believed God was not fixed to one place; he was maestro of the whole world. It helped them maintain an identity as a people even though they did not have a state. 3. What Jewish principles are parts of westbound tradition? Human beings are separate from disposition and must struggle against it; human beings have a fussy relationship to a supreme being, who watches over them. 4. How was Judaism unique among antediluvian religions of western Asia and Egypt? Asia and Egypt believed in many Gods. Judaism was monotheistic, being one God.\r\nIt gave all people not just a ruler or priest, nettle to God. Judaism †People of Judah were Jews and their religion was called Judaism. Monotheistic †Belief in one God. Covenant †A contract with God’s people when lead out of bondage. Prophets †ghostly teachers used by God to speak to his people. antique India discombobulate System and Hinduism/Buddhism will be covered. Cast System †Social and religious classification based on discrimination Hinduism †Religion whose followers believe in karma and reincarnation. Buddhism †Religion with a goal of achieving wisdom. Networks †protracted family used in caste transcription.\r\nAncient chinaware 1. In what way was the â€Å"mandate from heaven” a powerful ruling force? This political belief said that a ruler was the ruler because promised land had given the mandate. 2. How did the beliefs of Confucius indirectly support the â€Å"Mandate from Heaven”? He believed people were naturally good and every person could acquire knowledge and virtue if you had a virtuous leader. He believed in obedience to superiors. Confucianism †It was the same thing. He believed people were naturally good and every person could acquire knowledge and virtue if you had a vir tuous leader.\r\nHe believed in obedience to superiors. centre †In Chinese society the family is the core. The fathers place was very high. How did the law codes and religious beliefs develop in ancient civilizations? nigh 5,000 years ago, the first civilizations began to develop along river valleys. The rich, robust farmlands of river valleys helped these civilizations to thrive. These early civilizations relied on a handed-down economy based on farming. Many au whereforetic into cities with systems of government, social structures, and belief systems, laying the foundations for later civilizations.\r\n by means of warfare and trade, these and other cultural achievements spread to modern lands. The Hebrews develop Judaism, a monotheistic religion based on the worship of one God, whose laws are set out in the Torah and the Ten Commandments. In Egypt, the benefits of the Nile River support the development of early civilization. The history of ancient Egypt is shared out into three periods: Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. sacred beliefs about gods, values, and life after death stirred ancient Egyptian life. India is a land of mountains, fertile plains, and arid regions.\r\nIn the Indus River valley this civilization was interpreted over by the Aryans, who invaded India and destroyed many Indus vale cities. Geography isolated early Chinese civilization, besides the people create a writing system, literature, silk making, and other arts. They honored nature and ancestor spirits. How did the caste system influence the lives of people in ancient India? The Aryans divided their society into separate castes. Castes were unchanging groups. A person born into one caste never changed castes or mixed with members of other castes. Caste members lived, ate, married, and worked with their own group.\r\nAt the top of the caste system were the priests, teachers, and, then warrior caste, farmers and merchants, and contrivance workers and laborer s. The untouchables were the outcastes, or people beyond the caste system. Their jobs or habits involved â€Å"polluting activities” including any job that involved ending a life, such as fishing sidesplitting or disposing of dead cattle or on the job(p) with their hides. Untouchables were often forbidden to enter temples, schools and wells where high castes drew water. In some parts of gray India, even the sight of untouchables was thought to be polluting The Civilization of the Greeks\r\nGreek Ideas about Government The Greeks had a vision of different kinds of governments, because there were many different city-states in ancient Greece, and they each had their own government. In addition, peoples ideas about what made a good government changed over time. Aristotle divided Greek governments into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies and democracies. For the most part, Greece began by having monarchies, then oligarchies, then tyrannies and then democracies, but at each per iod there were plenty of city-states using a different system, and there were many which never did become democracies or tyrannies at all.\r\nAll Greek city-states come along to have been monarchies, control by kings. Homers Iliad, and Greek mythology in general, shows us a whole series of kings like Agamemnon and Theseus, and some of their palaces have survived for archaeologists to dig up. Writing About History Persuasive Writing. How was the polis the center of Greek purport? â€Å"Polis” is the Greek word for a city-state. Some city-states were democracies; others were ruled by kings, who in Greek were called tyrants, a tyrant was just a king, not necessarily an staminatevolent or cruel. How important was the polis to Greek life?\r\nLets prescribe it this way there was no Greek life outside a polis. The entire Greek history is a history of rivalries between city-states. What was the citizen of Ancient Greece similar? Only Males who had: were 18, owned land, were f ree and both parents of the manful had to be the children of citizens. Females, no matter how high born, could not become citizens. Slaves and Foreigners could not become citizens. Also, man slaves could not be citizens either. Citizens were expected to attend regular meetings, as well as serve in the regular army or navy.\r\nWho ran the Spartan government? They had two kings, genic monarchs; the kings were automatic members of the Gerousia, the council of 28 elders picked for life plus the two kings. Five ephors, chosen annually by everyday election, had the main power. The final part was the assembly, made up of all Spartan citizens over 18. Why is Athenian body politic considered a model for the Statesn democracy? The founders of democracy in capital of Greece exercised decisions through a direct democracy in which all male citizens were allowed to have direct influence on the decisions.\r\nAlthough in the United States today we accept democracy as a form of life it had its e arly beginnings in the city-states of Ancient Greece. The form of government known as democracy had its early roots in Ancient Greece but its influence has a direct conjunction with the type of government we have today in the United States. Today in the United States of America we have a representative democracy in which we appoint â€Å"representatives” through election. Define each of the next key terms. Polis †In ancient Greece, an independent city and its surrounding region under a co-ordinated government.\r\nUsually the town was walled and contained a citadel on raised ground acropolis and a marketplace agora. tyrant †A tyrant was one who illegally seized and controlled a governmental power in a polis. state †Is a government by the people or rule of many. Oligarchy †Is ruled by the few. Direct land †Is a form of government in which people collectively make decisions for themselves, rather than having their political affairs decided by repre sentatives. Without common goals, a club would have a community would have a difficult time maintaining order. (c. aws) Only adult males could choose in ancient Athens. (a. grown-up) The Greek Love of Wisdom. The ancient Greeks considered wisdom to be an important virtue. Socrates and Plato, philosophy was literally the love of Wisdom. Platos The Republic, in which the leaders of his proposed utopia are to be philosopher kings: rulers who understand the Form of the Good and possess the courage to act accordingly. Aristotle, in his Metaphysics, defined wisdom as the understanding of causes, i. e. knowing why things are a certain way, which is deeper than merely knowing that things are a certain way.\r\nPhilosophy †Refers to an organized system of thought. Socratic Method- Socrates used it as a teaching method he presumed that all knowledge was already present in each person and after calculated questioning could draw out. Foundations †What people build things on like go vernment or religion, like their beliefs. Who lived in the polis? The development of the Greek polis whether a military oligarchy in Sparta or democracy in Athens allowed citizens to take part in political issues. This concept of the â€Å"rule by the people,” mainly in Athens, gave the citizens a sense of freedom and harmony.\r\nIn order to be a citizen in the polis, one had to be an adult whose ancestors were Greek and from that particular polis. Children, foreigners, and slaves could not be citizens. Citizens had many exclusive rights. How did Athens and Sparta differ? The city-states differed in different regions of ancient Greece. level off though the states kept the concept of the polis, the way in which each was governed differed. Two of the most important city-states were Sparta and Athens. Sparta developed as a war-like polis, while Athens developed as a democratic one. Rome and the emanation of Christianity.\r\n'

'Fast-Food Advertising Deceives Americans to Obesity\r'

'Fast-Food Advertising Deceives Americans to fleshiness With every precious tick of the clock, an American rushes to dress yet another task in a day with a meager 24 hours. With alone the activity encompassed within these hours, many aspects of life argon neglected. One of these aspectsâ€the most important and vital one, in fact†is self-nourishment. One must eat diets that argon sizable as well as contributory to optimal bodily function and survival.\r\nIn an search to adequately nourish themselves, Americans have fallen dupe to seductive fast-food advertising that falsely leads them to believe that fast-food is healthy; this is an unconscionable misre inaugurateation on the part of the advertisers and frankincense should be punished. It is unconscionable that any society, well-aw be of the potential ill effects of their food, could so egregiously deceive and subsequently earnings from the ignorance of the American public.\r\nIt is the responsibility of every indivi dual to civilise themselves about the food theyre eating as they are making a conscious decision when get and consuming the fast-food meals. However, ones responsibility to oneself does not relieve the fast-food constancy of their obligation to educate or at least, present fairly to the public the products they offer.\r\nThe responsibility of a company to the society at large is such that they do not harm their customers. Healthy foods are denote less than 3% of the time; children rarely entrance a food advertisement for broccoli. Increasingly, fast food conglomerates are using toy tie-ins with major childrens exertion pictures to try to attract young people. They request more(prenominal) junk food after viewing commercials.\r\n'

'Beyond Europe\r'

'The Roaring Twenties brought forth a wise symphonyal style in the United States. smashing together the complex bl annul of European and African the Statesn medicinal drugal traditions, merging the soulfulness of the discolour and the syncopated rhythms resulted in a laughable, rhythmic oblige medical specialty that is cognize as hump. It is a medical specialty dominated by improvisations and a definitive put (Kamien, 1998, p. 359). This customary unison has produced some of the best American melodious figures- Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington and Charlie Parker.Indeed, it has become one of the more touristed music the world has k nowadaysn and continues to enjoy today. thither are two clear-cut jazz features: swoon and rhythmic jive. It boasts of lively rhythm that is oftentimes elusive to describe but easy to recognize and learn to. Its echo and response feature, wherein a voice is answered by an instrument or an instrument is answered by other instrument arose from the African American church function where the congregation responds vocally to the preacher’s call (p. 360).But more than the percussive sounds, improvisations, call and respond, and the performance techniques that company jazz music, jazz music is popularly known as the â€Å"only truly American piece to the world of music” (Wright, 1996, p. 390). While jazz music is an amalgam of different musical streams, it is in America where jazz was planted and flourished. There is no get by about that. There is no concrete picture that show when jazz started or how it commencement ceremony sounded because the music was only heard; hence no musical notations were traced.However, its origin was placed somewhere in 1900 (Kamien, 1998, p. 359). What was plastered about jazz music though was where it was first heard: in southern and Midwestern cities. manage music was first heard in the streets, bars, brothels and bound halls in New Orleans, St. Louis, Kansas City and Chicago (Wright, 19976 p. 390). Furthermore, it was in New Orleans where many jazz legends began- Armstrong, powerfulness Oliver and Jelly Roll Morton (p. 391). One of Oliver’s finest whole works is the Dippermouth red-hots, which showcase instrumental blues in its unique New Orleans style.This style is usually root on a march, a church product line or a rag piece (p. 365). On the other hand, Armstrong was best known as the inventor of scat singing, warbling nonsense syllables like dat-a-batâ€a-dip-da (p. 365). He was in like manner an outstanding jazz trumpeter and his performance of Hotter than That with this radical The Hot Fives focused on the improvisatory solos. When the Spanish-American War ended, in that respect was a surplus of military band instruments interchange at a cheap price. Many coloured musicians brought instruments and took up recitation in bars and brothels (Wright, 1996, p.391). pot instruments were instrumental (pardon the pun) in shapin g jazz music. It was a reflection of the African Americans’ love of music and importantly, their tendency to succeed. The precursors of jazz music were ragtime and the blues which existed in the 1890s to 1915 (Kamien, 1998 p. 360). Ragtime was generally played by menacing pianists (Wright, 1996p. 390). Black pianists experienced difficulties looking for employment so they were reduced to playing in brothels, saloons, and dancehalls. notwithstanding that, the popularity of ragtime music could not be discounted.By the end of World War I, roughly two curtilage piano planers of piano ragtime music were exchange (p. 390). Scott Joplin, the man behind famous pieces like Maple flick Rag and The Entertainer was the best-known composer of ragtime music. Similar to ragtime music, blues was another music that grew out of the African Americans. It is said that blues were a kind of pitch-dark folk song that originated in the 1880s-1890s in the southwestward (Wright, 1996, p. 387) . It was developed out of the work songs, spirituals and field hollers of the black slaves (p. 387).Typical blues subjects were of poverty, loneliness, oppression, and melancholy. By 1912, the blues were printed as sheet music (p. 387). Ragtime music, with its upbeat sound, and the blues, which reflected the hard conduct and the tough-minded humor of the African Americans, helped uplift good deals’ spirits. The liberal Era, which covered 1900s up to the First World War, was a period of marked changes in the country. Problems on capital, labor, immigration, and putridness in politics pervaded the country (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, pp. 570-594).Adding more spring to be depressive was the aftermath of the First World War. Repression and bigotry pervaded the country. The post-war years brought despair for many African Americans. With the Jim triumph restrictions, the lynching, beatings, and revival of the Ku Klux Klan, Americans, especially the African Americans, turned to music for comfort. Their desolate living unleashed their creativity. Out of ragtime and the blues came the expressive, raspy style that became the jazz. The end of the war and the not bad(p) black migration make it possible for jazz music to spread in America.As aforementioned, jazz became the rage in the 20s. Novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald even dubbed the time as the â€Å"Jazz develop” (Wright, 1996, p. 394). Jazz music became so popular that it was now performed in large dancehalls and even in pictorial matter houses (p. 394). In the years to follow, jazz developed into a rich sub styles such as swing, bebop, coolheaded jazz, free jazz and rock fusion. Ellington was one of the nigh revered composer, arranger and conductor in the swing era. Some of his works include Ko-Ko, Air shaft, and Blue Serge (Kamien, 1998, p. 367).Other notable jazz piece is the bebop-syled Bloomdido performed by low saxophonist Charlie â€Å"Bird” Parker, trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, sea b ass player Curly Russell, pianist Thelonious Monk and percussionist comrade Rich (p. 368). Meanwhile, Miles Runs the Voodoo Down from trumpeter Miles Davis exemplifies jazz rock. No doubt, jazz music is one of the nigh important American contributions to twentieth century popular culture. At the heart of jazz is improvisation. Looking back, people were probably drawn to jazz music on the nose because of this.Through music, they had the freedom to follow their own flights of fancy. It is this appeal that made it popular with people during that time. Jazz music became a diversion, bit at the same time, an aspiration that peradventure one day, they would do more than make do. References Kamien, R. (1998). medical specialty An Appreciation 3rd ed. USA: McGraw-Hill. Jordan, W. and Litwack, L. (1991). The United States unite Edition 7th ed. New Jersey: prentice Hall. Wright, C. (1996). Listening to Music 2nd ed. Minnesota: double-u Publishing Company.\r\n'