'Circumcision in South African Males vs Phillipino Males Essay\r'

'Compargon and contrast the attitudes, beliefs and perspectives well-nigh a specific health commence sex amongst two unalike cosmos concourses, and analyze the implications of this for clinical or community shape. launching A controversial health field around the domain of a function is priapic circumcision. po ten-spott circumcision is the removal of part of or the whole foreskin on the penis and is a controversial bailiwick in numerous countries and across humansy different religions. In this essay the beliefs, attitudes and perspectives of s placehbound Afri stool work force will be comp atomic number 18d those of Philippine hands somewhat medical checkup examination checkup male circumcision and tralatitious male circumcision.\r\nTraditional circumcisions atomic number 18 ordinarily performed go forthside of formal medical settings by providers who deem a special educational activity except ar non health care professionals. Medical circumci sion secondaryly is performed by a medical professional in a medical setting. According to the world health organisation (WHO), 30% of custody worldwide have been circumcised, mostly in developing countries where it takes place for sacred and ethnic fences (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2007a).\r\nMale circumcision is an outstanding issue, especially in southwestward Africa and the Philippines, as third world countries as it idler be uses as a uncomplete pr hithertotative measure a assoilst human immunodeficiency virus infection. rendering of population groups The two population groups I chose were southmost Afri roll in the hay manpower and Philippine hands. I chose siemens African workforce as one of my population groups because charm studying circumcision I noticed at that place was a lot of literature on the topic in relation to second Africa and surrounding nations and the effects it has on preventing human immunodeficiency virus transmission.\r\nI found t his population group interesting because in South Africa even though there is clear benefits in reducing HIV transmission and majuscule publicity around the benefits only 35% of men were circumcised (WHO, 2007a). Further more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) in researching this topic I discovered multiple causes wherefore men chose to get circumcised, one reason was purely so they weren’t uncircumcised femme fatale I found strange. This was the case in the Philippines, where 90% of all men are circumcised, and most saying there reason for existence circumcised was so they weren’t uncircumcised (Lee, 2006).\r\nI found this reasoning interesting and resolved to explore this culture for my second population group. If circumcision can reduce the chances of transmitting HIV and other sexually genetic diseases as well as reduce penile cancer it is important to on a dismount floorstand different cultures beliefs and attitudes toward the action to encour get on circumcision within the culture. It is in any case good to understand why somewhat cultures have such high position of circumcision compared to other cultures and countries as it may swear out develop strategies to promote circumcision countries with lower rates.\r\nSouth Africa In South Africa 57. 2% of circumcised men had conventional circumcisions and 42. 8% were medically circumcised (Connolly, Simbayi, Shanmugam, & deoxyadenosine monophosphate; adenosine monophosphate; Nqeketo, 2008). Amongst this circumcised population, the majority of the medically circumcised men were white (97. 8%) or Indian (92. 8%), compared with traditional circumcision which was mostly calamitous South Africans (Connolly et al. , 2008). In South Africa, more specifically within the Black South African community circumcision is beare for religious and heathen reasons (Peltzer & Kanta, 2009).\r\nIt is seen as a ceremony that marks the pass from boy detonator to manhood for the ad olescent. The process usually requires boys to top about a month in induction camps in seclusion by from women and outsiders. If they cave in there initiation into man hood they are meand to be stuck as a boy for the rest of their life. The religious rite is considered by the community as a sacred custom (Peltzer & Kanta, 2009). Traditionally this ritual involved traditional circumcisions and traditional initiation, however more latterly some communities have allowed medical circumcision followed by traditional initiation into manhood.\r\nHowever there is a hostile relationship between men who were traditionally circumcised and men who were medically circumcised. magical spell most men sleep together medical circumcision is safer and know the benefits it has in lot prevent HIV and sexually genic disease, they fear that they will be guyd by peers and faulttised as â€Å"cowards” and not viewed as â€Å" literal men” for having the role done under an aesthesia (Peltzer & Kanta, 2009, p. 91). They remember that the bruise makes the boys courageous, firm men and is a passage into manhood, where they can have a wife and kids.\r\nPhilippines On the other hand, in the Philippines very few men are circumcised for religious or ethnical reasons. Boys are usually circumcised between the ages of five and eighteen with most organism circumcised between ten and fourteen (Lee, 2006). Most boys study being circumcised retributive so they are not uncircumcised, to avoid teasing and stigma in the community. Many Filipino men believe women prefer circumcised males, and therefor to be male and have a wife and children it is favored to be circumcised.\r\nSimilar to South African beliefs Filipino boys become circumcised because they do not involve to be seen as â€Å"cowards” for not having the courage to go through the trouble and anxiety associated with the process (Lee, 2006, p. 228). Filipino men also report getting circ umcised because it was their upraise’s orders or they were threatened with a beating if they chose not to or because it was just normal for a boy his age to and his friends were getting it done.\r\nMany men report being nervous for the subroutine but excited to achieve the man hood they have anticipated. Most of the Filipino men submit to this well-disposed culture because they want to be seen as masculine and not as a coward. It is a kindly phenomenon, propelled by individuals need to conform and gain acceptance through this performance by acquiring a range of masculine related traits and opportunities (Lee, 2006). Comparison of population groups\r\nWhile the two countries have different religions and cultural views, the striking similarity between the two population groups is that they both view the practice of circumcision and the pain and anxiety associated with this process as empowering to the men. Fulfilment of this ritual enhances psycho- cordial health because i t frees them of ridicule and stigma as a â€Å"coward” (Lee, 2006, p. 228). creation circumcised means men from both cultures are considered masculine and therefore allows them to carry out tasks that are believed to be masculine such as having a family.\r\nHowever circumcision in South Africa is seen as a rite of passage and a sacred ritual that allows boys to become me and usually occurs later in life around the age of seventeen to twenty-one but even as late as twenty-six (Mavundla, Netswera, Bottoman, & Toth, 2009). Whereas, in the Philippines the subprogram is more of a social vogue, done because everyone else is getting it performed. It is also performed much earlier, most commonly between the age of ten and fourteen in the Philippines.\r\nSouth Africa have a more spiritual and deeper reasoning for having the procedure done, men display a deeper more conscious reasoning for having the procedure compared to Filipino men, who tend to follow the social trend (Ma vundla et al. , 2009). With so many Filipino men circumcised (90%) the social trend hold strong and the even with new information about risks and benefits the majority continue to get the procedure done (Lee, 2009), while in South Africa with more information coming out more people are opting for medical circumcision with over 130 000 medical circumcisions being performed in 2010 (WHO, 2011).\r\nThere is a development trend in South Africa to have medical circumcision, whereas in the Philippines the process in considered outside the general realm of medicine and therefore is not performed in medical settings. While they have different culture and beliefs, and go about performing the procedure differently there main indigence to be masculine is common amongst both population groups. Conclusion\r\nThe advantages associated with being circumcised take the stand great potential to help lower the rates of HIV and sexually transmitted disease in South Africa if more men are circumcised. The cultural vicissitude into manhood is a barrier to have the best as medical circumcision is believed to interfere with this process. If however medical circumcision became more of a social norm as it is viewed in the Philippines, more boys would be inclined to have the procedure to fit in with the rest of the community. The social normality of the process seems to have a greater influence on boy’s preference then cultural or religious reasons, as 90% of Filipino men are circumcised compared to 35% of South African men (Lee, 2006; WHO, 2007a).\r\nGuidelines South Africa: * Conducting community based education and information sessions on the health risks and problems associated with traditional circumcision, and how allowing medical circumcision followed by traditional initiation can reduce these risks. Train more male nurses who can perform the circumcision since most nurses in South Africa are female and boys divergence through initiation are not allowed contact with w omen because if they see women during this time they fail there initiation into man hood.\r\n* agnize the community’s rationale for the ritual circumcision and work with the community to find ersatz solutions together, and trying to help reduce the stigma associated with men being medically circumcised with alternative ays to prove their strength. Philippines: * Developing circumcision clinics throughout the Philippines where boys can have the procedure performed in proper(ip) hygienic conditions. * Giving boys information about the risks and benefits of the procedure so they can more meaningfully decide to have to procedure done * Explain the procedure, and offer pain medication so that boy don’t have to feel so nervous about what is happening and have a better understanding of what waiver to happen.\r\n'