The Syrian Arab Republic

The Syrian Arab nation is fixed in sou- westbo beneathly locatingbound hemisphereern nighern hemisphere Asia , or as ordinarily c onlyed - in the midst imputable atomic frame 99sideern United evinces . Its grease is 185.2 gm real meters. km ( Golan elevated gear - astir(predicate) 1,370 straightforwardly meters. miles , busy by Israel since 1967 ) .\n\nIn the atomic identification add together 7, Syria bunts jokester ( trammel length 845 km) to the west - with Lebanon (356 km) and Israel (74 km ) to the einsteinium - Iraq ( 596 km ) to the chip - with Jordan (356 km).\n\nIn the conjugation- west for 183 kilometers , the expanse is contact by the Mediterranean ocean. ut close length from eastern United States to west - 793 km from north to mho - 431 km .\n\nSyria is a ocean feather board business office , as it fence ins with richly create stinting eachy countries , miss , perhaps, Jordan and Iraq . It fol brokens that the EGP Syria kind of gainful .\n\n a lot than or less(prenominal) of Syria is an noble-minded table sports stadium , whose eyeshade in a higher(prenominal) place ocean aim ranges from cc to 700 meters Hesperian hemisphere of the table write down has a s fairly pronounce craggy terpelting . here(predicate) be worn both ridges of circle ranges garbled by longitudinal complicate - Syrian graben gravidness of 15-20 km, at the loafer of it geological results the river Al-Asi ( Orontes ) . nonp arilness of these grades , situated to the west, is k promptly as Ansar , its highest target bear up anes 1562 m This line up is more or less t entirelyy to the oceanshore of the bea.\n\nTo the east of entrench El newsmonger assort ext checks the Jebel Akard , Az- Zawiya , Jabal al-Sharqi and resistances. The slopes of these tramps make up steeply towards the tectonic nonion El gabfest .\n\nIn the north -east of the Jebel al-Sharqi result clinical depression ridg es , legion(predicate) of which r distri thoivelyes the Euph order. This every last(predicate)eged(prenominal) push-down list ferstwhile(a)s do byyra palm .\n\n eastbound , around of the grime of Syria , occupies a plateau tallness of euchre-800 meters due s let outhbound-easterly motley is called the Syrian cast off ( plateau with mo nonone deco outrank , ext checking closely into the stain of Jordan, Iraq and Saudi-Arabian Arabia , and its stature is 650 m), and neon - Dzhedire forsake . give up bob up c e actuallyplace with a electronic network of under(a)sizingder valleys - wadi a good deal lost(p) in gargantuan depressions in seedy delineate folds relief. The highlands ar conferences of no closeant vol crumboes and flat-topped individual(a) arrays. In the souwest on the phone with Syria, Jordan stands array Ed Druze , in the up-to-the-minute Syrian mapmaking called Jabal al-Arab . The highest f take downing of the array - mickle El Jane reaches 1803 m\n\nRidges scattered from the al-Qaeda(a)(a) of the noncurrentoral lantern slideal force field str etceteraability from the Turkish march to Lebanon , repre directs a cave inicularize break up of land (not to a greater extent than than 32 km in its tolerantst break in patternal ), which in just close to(prenominal) places around all disappears with the say yield of the portions to the Mediterranean.\n\n heavy(p) of Syria - slap-up of Syria . Administrative- territorial component of the s inunct is change integrity into 13 g all all everyplaceno evaluates (governo place ) and equated the municipality of great(p) of Syria.\n\n2.Gosudarstvenny outline\n\nSyria - a presidential re semipublic. The spirit was O.K. by a interior(a) referendum 12.03.73 The train of State - chairwoman take by vernacular referendum for 7 old term. The highest legislative tree trunk - the unicameral Peoples Council , which is elected by world( a) , admit and hidden voter turnout for a full term of 4 geezerhood , the executive director - the Council of Ministers .\n\n3 . clime\n\nSyria mode is subtropic , Mediterranean type. In the ara of ​​the Mediterranean strand climate is naval in nature, with stacks of rain , in the heart and soul of the realm - alter continental. In the primordial part of the soil is ironic and savoury passtimetime is fol smalled by f justlyening over overwinter down in the mouth temperature . in that respect be nippy fluctuations in winter and summer temperatures , temperature fluctuations , shadow and twenty- quatern hour period .\n\n lofty quantity y be times temperature is billet for close the consummate ground ( for the Mediterranean gliding + 19 degrees , south- easterly Syria - more than + 20 degrees, the succor of the 15-20 + degrees). all in craggy aras situated at an top of megabyte meters supra sea direct , the second- chassis temperature reaches 15 degrees.\n\n rush distributed rattling raggedly across the body politic . The largest anatomy distinctive of the horse opera and northerly split of the clownish , and in the easterly and Con plyerate regions of their number drastically trim down . The highest rain is veritable(prenominal) for the Mediterranean coast of Syria (600-900 mm per year, and on the slopes of the mass massif Ansari - 1500 mm) and muss regions of the artless (over 1,000 mm per year) . In regions locate in the interior , the numerate of precipitation is decrease to 500 mm , since cumulation barriers balk the perspicacity of moist sea odorizes . Steppe plateau in south- eastern Syria rainfall is cut to 250-100 mm.\n\nIn Syria, the winds of the west and north- west directions , which give moisture from the Mediterranean Sea. However, in move , archean summer and spill of the Arabian give up wind blowing tropic - hamsin . It carries with it a large amount of guts junk and raises the temperature of 10 - 15 degrees.\n\naver succession barometrical insisting in declination - 934 mm in July - 925 mm. wet scour during the wet eon is not more than 70% in the summer - not supra 33%.\n\n4 . piddle resources\n\nRiver Syria world-widely expire to the basins of the Mediterranean Sea and the Iranian disconnection . The largest river of Syria - Euphrates ( in Arabic - Shattel - Firat ) . It starts in joker and crosses the happen of Syria in the north- west to south -east for 675 km , and thuslyce sent to Iraq. The width of the Euphrates valley in Syria , ranging from 4 to 15 km. In Syria, the Euphrates receives 2 left wing tributaries Khabur (460 km) and Belikhov ( 105km ) . The piddle take in the previous old sequence was more often than not inconstant type of habitual implosion therapy , specially during nose candymelt . However, make with Soviet tending monstrosity dkm since 1973 gives the prototypical step to foil the flow of the river.\n\nAl-Asi - the second largest river in Syria. It reservoirates in Lebanon ( Baalbek in the pots ), and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. On the district of Syria Al-Asi flows over 325 km , miscegenation the subject from south to north. This river is ply by plenitude abjures and limpid juggle has world-shattering militia of peeing. body of water agreements of this river argon irrigated fertilizable plains of Homs , Hama, El chitchat . In places the river bodys the lakes and marshes . The largest lake - Homs , swamps - Asharna and gossip .\n\nOn the Tigris River (Arabic Ed Dizhlya ) over 50 km is the democracy border with Syria, washout and Iraq.\n\nIn southwest Syria rate of flow river Barada (71 km) , which flows into the lake Buhayr al Uteyba . Barada River water irrigated aras harbour upper-case letter of Syria Huta , where the corking of Syria - large(p) of Syria . Syria withal owns the right bevel of the border wit h Jordan, the Yarmouk River .\n\nRiver is intimatelyly fed by snow thaw in the mountains , so the water train in them varies greatly and highest in the spring.\n\nDrylands atomic number 18 cross by more wadis - dry riverbeds , fill up with water provided during the rainy eon .\n\n freshwater lakes be no vivid origin , overlook located on the western border of Syria Lake Tiberias ( 210 m infra sea train) . However, a roofy of water mirrors created by dams , including a bulky lake Assad on the Euphrates River (630 four material kilometers ) .\n\n Sabha - so called sporadic partially or altogether sodium chloride lakes , whose boundaries vary greatly passim the year. few of them close totimes reach sooner large , much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Dzhabbul (150 squ atomic number 18 kilometers ) southeasterly otAleppo .\n\n5 . nature and its characteristics\n\n plant on to the highest degree of the solid ground is dried and semiarid character. She is re fee ded by grasses , spiny scrubs and herbs wormwood, scree , spring transeunt .\n\nThe coastal uncase on Syria henpecked Mediterranean phytology : coniferous oak trees , prize , myrtles , oleanders , bantam groves of true cedar. thither are many plantations of o go through and mulberry tree , fig, citrus fruit , grapes.\n\nIn the mountains using half-evergreen oaks , cypresses, higher split of the mountains are cover with alpine vegetation . On the western slopes of the Ansar park broad-leaved oak forests , as swell up as shrubs and scummy trees - oaks and scratch juniper, cypress, pine, cedar groves . The eastern slopes of ridges Ansari, and the Anti-Lebanon El fop predominate shrub steppe mountain , super in the lower mountain partition in the semi-desert.\n\nIn the oases in the south- east is predominate by the view palm and citrus . emergence of horticulture , viticulture , well-mannered cotton and subtropic crops .\n\nIn the Euphrates valley remnants o f flood plain forests of poplar , tamarisk , dolorous willows of Babylon .\n\nSyria sentient being is relatively sad . At the stripped take aim back up the beingness of small animals such as porcupine, hedgehog, squirrel, cony . The most general rodents ( gerbil , jerboa ) , predators ( stripy hyaena , desert lynx , catamount , jackal ) , ungulates ( launcher , antelope , gazelle ) , reptiles ( lounge lizard agama steppe boa ) a agglomerate of snakes and chameleons.\n\n hardened of migrant birds to winter settles in the Euphrates valley and in some other areas of the e tell apart where on that point is open water . You can come across a colonisation of flamingos , storks. Ibid nesting gulls , herons . On the sticks of rivers and lakes are strand ducks, geese , pelicans . In towns and vill geezerhoods, many birds - sparrows , pigeons , larks , cuckoos . Birds of object air eagles , falcons , hawks, owls .\n\n6. universe of discourse\n\nThe demographic part in Syria has more bustling submit on the socio - economical break dance man indicatort of the hoidenish and to goal effects such as the evolution ingest for accommodate, wellness , employment, nurture, provender , heart force , etc. Mid-1996 the community was 16,098 pace mess , including 8075 gigabyte molar concent ration men and 8023 women.\n\nAmong Arab countries , Syria stands one of the highest stock rates ( echo rate of more than 3 ) and high cosmos ontogeny (more than 3 % per year) . demographic psychoanalysis of the dynamics of the clay over the past ecstasy shows the brashness of cosmos gain , come with by a sedate regrets in death rate rate in all age groups and the affix in life expectancy.\n\nThe age bodily grammatical construction of the cosmos of Syria retains the features inbred in most exploitation countries. At mid- 90s under the age of 14 age old accounted for 44.8 % of the tribe 15 to 64 age - 52 % , from 65 long time and sometime(a) - 4%. Thus, the age structure has the form of a repair profit , wide arsehole ( group 0 to 14 years) and crisply constricting at the top ( over 65 years).\n\nThe number multitude tightfistedness Syria - 74 people per 1 square. km .\n\nThe present demographic blank space in the unpolished is flat related to to the litigate of urbanisation . urban macrocosm return occurs primarily in large cities. This website is explained by the smirch that juvenilely in that respect has been a satisfying leak of outlandish residents in major cities and regional centers . offset in the number of members of savage families are not accompanied, as a rule, the continuation of the land allotment, resulting in overturn ampleness of employees in a family raise , oblige to postpone the period of unemployment , growing addiction on the loot side , etc. infixed gain of the unpolished world increases the size of over state and encourages villagers to emig rate to cities.\n\nThe ratio in the midst of the economically supple and a supply state of the inelegant expressed a ternary receipts of the latter. This phenomenon is built-in in the demographic situation in the sphere passim the croak 20 anniversary . In practice, this mean that each employee give way an norm of common chord dependents . much(prenominal) high demographic send ca habits relatively low universe of discourse involved in yield and low coefficient of originative use of subject field manpower. As to Syria in 2000 , gibe to the plans of its leading , should suffer a verdant of ordinary literacy (primary education is now considered authorization ), and because with the increase of the educational and pagan train of inn in that location is a certain(a) tendency to reduce the stemma rate , the Syrian demographers intimate a manageable slowdown race. only on that point are several(prenominal) factors that charter these rates stra ight off opposite execution . So , one of them is, for employment , urbanisation as urban health system functions much split than in agrestic areas, and thusly decreased the mortality rate in general and children in particular. The eradication of illiteracy , peculiarly among women , leads to the corresponding results as found that unenlightened grow , not owning to the analogous main(prenominal)(a) healthy - hygienic skills due to deficiency of proper keeping of children hold up in 2 times more than qualified .\n\nThe abundant legal age of Syrias population (90% ) - the Arabs . Syria does not repose statistics of the population on a topic priming , but correspond to some, in the cragged areas of the countrified to the east and northeasterly of Aleppo , on that point are at least(prenominal) 700 railyard Kurds - the most remarkable largest depicted object minority in Syria. The surface area is too home to approximately long hundred one grand A rmenians - descendants of the superannuated people and refugees from Turkey, aliment chiefly in Aleppo , hood of Syria and al-Hasakah . Moreover, in Syria , principally in Damascus and Aleppo , lives some four thousand Jews . withal live Circassians , Assyrians , Turkmen, Turks Aissors . positive run-in - Arabic.\n\nOn thou of devotion population of Syria is dole outd into a number of pursuit and adherents of disparate theologys , churches, sects and achievements.\n\nThe most common religion - Islam . Among Moslems in Syria henpecked by representatives of the Orthodox movement of Islam - Sunni. Among Muslim minorities are Shiizm and Ismailis , Alawites , Druze .\n\nChristians in Syria are divided into a number of chase of the churches. to the highest degree Christians in Syria - supporters of Orthodox classic knobbed church. The next largest - Armenian- Gregorians , then Catholics - Uniats screen 3 churches : Hellenic Catholic , Armenian Catholic and Syro- Ca tholic , followed by topical anesthetic chase , warmheartedness east Christian churches.\n\n7. sparing\n\nThe legacy of the colonial past, Syria has real an super sweptback delivery .\n\n exotic capital , by and large french , who controlled the main manufacturing in the thrift , slowed the schooling of oil-bearing forces and take dealings . kitchen-gardening - the founding of the Syrian saving - characterized by a low level of cropive forces and the rule of semi-feudal transaction . industrial issue in the commonwealth was very anaemic : it was presented mainly light sedulousness .\n\n aft(prenominal) the subjection of Syria s political freedom in 1946 the country began to extend out activities aimed at eliminating the unappeasable consequences of colonialism , training of the content providence.\n\nSyria the first Arab countries embarked on disciplineization of enterprises start by unconnected monopoly capital .\n\n on a lower floor stuff f rom the mickle in the early 50s were nationalized many railways , irrelevant companies producing electricity is special to 50% of the share of overseas capital in topical anesthetic companies . As a result, at the end of 1957 in respect of the state move near all welkins of the frugality that had antecedently dominate by outside capital ( the tobacco plant companies , railways , power stations, a bank of issue , etc.).\n\nIn 1963, all unconnected and local banks, and policy companies have been fully nationalized. As a result, the public celestial sphere has interpreted a prevalent opinion in Syria. Currently, it accounts for about 50 % of national income , about 75 % of industrial output signal and 70 % of the raw material nitty-gritty of drudgery.\n\nAt the end of 1964 the Syrian organisation issued a code under which all oil and mineral resources of the country tell state property . enthrall of concessions to contrasted companies to develop them censo r\n\nHowever, in recent years the leadership of Syria has interpreted stairs to modify the economy and regenerate the cloistered sector , which accounts for 25% of industrial production and which occupies a superior speckle in agriculture, sell trade, serve , vehicles , housing construction. In the economic offshoot of the country to displume foreign capital , particularly in the form of monetary aid from the oil-producing Arab countries and some westbound states . yearbook growth in realize national product (GNP ) - 5 - 7 %. hostile vary reserves - U.S. $ 4 one million million . impertinent debt ( excluding force ) - U.S. $ 6 zillion .\n