Pluralism :: Federalist Papers pluralistic theory

American Pluralism In Federalist No. 10, James Madison stresses that measures be too very much decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an diverted and overbearing majority. Madison philosophized that a large republic, composed of numerous factions capable of competing with each other and the majority must exist in order to avoid tyranny of majority rule. When Federalist No. 10 was published, the concept of pluralism was not widely used. However, the political theory that is the foundation for United States government was the influential force behind pluralism and its doctrines. Pluralism comes from the political system that focuses on shared occasion among interest groups and competing factions. A pluralistic society contains groups that have varying interests and backgrounds, including those of ethnic, religious, and political nature. Differences like these are to be encouraged, with overall political a nd economic power being maintained. When a number of people, all sharing a common interest are threatened, a group is involuntarily formed in order to defend against competing interests. These pluralistic interest groups are free to operate and lobby in the political arena, fighting against the majority and other competing factions for voice in Congress. With the influence of multiple factions direct throughout the political system, a balance of power is created (Kernell 2000, 429). This is much like the international theory of sovereign states balancing each others power to create a political system that focuses on stability, yet is always in a constant flux of power. With this in mind, special interest groups are constantly contending for power by raising money, campaigning, and lobbying in Congress. When a special interest group is threatened by a competing policy, the group will aim efforts to balance, or transcend the power of the competing group. The pluralistic schola r David Truman notes that the proliferation of political interest groups is a natural and largely benign consequence of economic development (Kernell 2000, 429). That is, as American economic development increases, in the form of industry, trade, and technology, factions are produced in order to protect special interests. Factions have a large platform on which to find support from various political parties, committees, subcommittees, and the courts, as well as federal, state, and local governments (Kernell 2000, 429).

Teacher Expectations Essay -- Education

The intervening years since court-mandated desegregation of schools have not eradicated the existence of achievement disparities for ethnic children, especially for Latin American and African American students (McKown & Weinstein, 2008). In fact, there is an extensive body of research that suggests that students from minorities do not perform well in the current American public school system (Tyler, Boykin, & Walton, 2006). McKown and Weinstein (2008) neb that one often cited contributor to the achievement gap is teacher expectations.The use of the term teacher expectations has been a source of consternation and anger for some educators because of its tie-in to the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy (Jussim & Harber, 2005). These prophecies are erroneous teacher expectations that may lead students to perform at levels consistent with those expectations (Brophy & Good, 1974 Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968) (Jussim & Harber, 2005, p. 131). Jussim and Harber (2005) detail the cont roversy that has gone on for more than 40 years over self-fulfilling prophecy. They asserted that, in general, educational psychologists have tended to stress the limited efficacy of teacher expectations to influence students while, social psychologists have interpreted the opposite position which asserts both the substantial power and pervasiveness of self-fulfilling prophecies (p. 138). Two of their major conclusions in this regard (a) Self-fulfilling prophecies do exist, and (b) their affects are typically small (Jussim & Harber, 2005).This would seem to be a tidy conclusion to a prolonged controversy the answers, however, are not so simple or straightforward. There are other issues that baffle matters and must be considered whe... ...3McKown, C., & Weinstein, R. S. (2008). Teacher expectations, classroom context, and the achievement gap. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 235-261. Retrieved from http//www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-school-psychology/Thomas, J., & Stoc kton, C. (2003). Socioeconomic status, race, gender, & retention Impact on student achievement. Essays in Education, 7. Retrieved from http//www.usca.edu/essays/archives.htmlTyler, K. M., Boykin, A. W., & Walton, T. R. (2006). Cultural considerations in teachers perceptions of student classroom behavior and achievement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 998-1005. Retrieved from www.elsevier.com/locate/tateZehavi, N., Bouhadan, R., & Bruckheimer, M. (1987). A model of relating teacher expectations and student difficulties. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 13, 185-192. doi 10.1016/50191-491X(87)80032-9

Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers

In society today there are murders committed anyday. Everyday the the great unwashed who commit these crimes are found guilty in a court of law and sentenced in prison. Some even get chances for parole. What the courts should do is take every murderer, give every one of them the death penalty, and follow through with it. The death penalty should be legal in all 50 states and carried through when give out as a sentence. Gary Gilmore faced a firing squad at the Utah State Prison on January 17, 1977. There have been 55 murders in that state during 1976. During 1977, in wake of the Gilmore execution, there were 44 murders a 20 percent decrease. As you can see, the execution had some effect on the murder rate in Utah (Solotaroff 2001).There are very few proven facts about capital punishment decreasing crime at this time. This is so because capital punishment is not used enough to actually have an effect on people. It is a fact that of all murder sentences that 38 percent get the death penalty. Of that 38 percent only 0.1 percent are executed. If we use the death penalty more often and actually extradite through with it, it will have an effect on the crime rate in the country. People will see that finally we have justice in this country and if they do this, there is a good chance they are going to be caught and they are going to receive the death penalty. We also guide the death penalty in this country because if we execute the murderer that person has no chance to ever kill or harm another p...

Free Essay on Macbeth - The Guilt of Lady Macbeth :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

The Guilt of Lady Macbeth Every unrivaled is influenced by other people, including leaders or authority, to make the wrong decisions at some point in their lives. In the play Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is responsible for the evil doings of Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is responsible for this by using his love for her to persuade him into killing King Duncan. Because Macbeth loved and bank his wife, he was vulnerable to her opinions and suggestions. We also know that she is responsible for these heartless things because she has so much guilt that she commits suicide. Macbeth would never have done any of those horrible things if it were non for the carrying out of King Duncan, which was forced on by Lady Macbeth. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a trusted soldier, who is honest and noble. Unfortunately, he meets triple witches who tell him three prophecies that he will become thane of Cawdor, that he will become king and that Banquos sons will become kings. These three prophecies slo wly change his opinions on flavor and turn him into a greedy, dishonest, tyrant, full of ambition. Lady Macbeths thoughts change as well when she is told about the three prophecies that were told to Macbeth. In the beginning of the play, Lady Macbeth is ambitious, controlling and domineering. She is the one who encourages him to kill the king, she not only encourages him, she makes all the plans herself, which shows her determination and persistence.Yet I do fear thy nature, it is too full oth milk of tender-hearted kindness. To catch the nearest way thou wouldst be great. Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it. (Act 1, scene 5). Lady Macbeth is the force behind Macbeths sudden ambition and she tries to manipulate him into feeling guilty and unmanly for not following through with the murder, by using her husbands emotions, she manages to convince Macbeth to murder Duncan. After the destruction of King Duncan, Macbeth becomes the more controlling one, and Lady Macbeths guilt eventually becomes too much for her to handle which leads to her death. Lady Macbeth is in fact the one that performs the preparations for the murder of King Duncan, but still shows some signs of humanity by not committing the murder herself because he resembles My father as he slept. After the murder has been committed, she also shows signs of being a strong person because she calms Macbeth down in order to keep him from going insane.

Personal Sense of Identity :: essays research papers

IdentityWhat influences a persons identity element? Is it their homes, parents, religion, or whitethornbe where they live? When do they get one? Do they get it when they understand right from wrong, or when they give notice read, or are they born with it? Everyone has one and nobody has the homogeneous, is there a point in everyones life when they get one? A persons identity is his own, nobody puzzle it there and nobody can take it out. Everyone in this world has a different identity because they all make their own over the course of their life. A persons identity also causes a person to have masculine and feminine traits. There is no one thing that gives a person their identity, there are so far many different factors that contribute to ones identity.What is someones identity? Is it the way they look, the way they dress, or it could be many things all rig together, or is it none of the above? To me someones identity is a part of their being. Nobody will ever hold it, touch it, or horizontal see it, but it is there. Everybody has one, it guilds your decision making, your thoughts, ideas, and dreams. You may think something is terrible while someone else does not even care and yet another person may laugh, why? The answer is simple, everyone has his own identity and personality. Everyone feels, acts, thinks, and dreams differently. People may have some of these things in common with one another, but they will not be totally the same, it is like a fingerprint, unique.There are many origins to a persons identity, their family, friends, home life, religion, environment and others. But how does it get there, you do not go into a store and pick on off the shelf. A persons identity is developed over many years and put together by the person themselves. It comes from the individuals ability to think, reason and form an opinion. Nobody has the same mind, or the same or the same conscious, so how could anyone have the same identity as another. A persons identity i s developed over many years from the time they become aware of their surroundings, to the time they subside if they are going to college, and even as they grow old there identity will change with them. As peoples dreams are imagine and goals are accomplished their identities will change with the individual.

Personal Sense of Identity :: essays research papers

IdentityWhat influences a someones identity element? Is it their homes, parents, religion, or maybe where they live? When do they go bad peerless? Do they get it when they understand right from wrong, or when they can read, or are they born with it? Everyone has one and nobody has the same, is there a point in everyones animateness when they get one? A persons identity is his own, nobody put it there and nobody can take it out. Everyone in this world has a different identity because they all make their own over the course of their life. A persons identity also causes a person to fix masculine and feminine traits. in that respect is no one thing that gives a person their identity, there are however many different factors that contribute to ones identity.What is someones identity? Is it the way they look, the way they dress, or it could be many things all put together, or is it none of the above? To me someones identity is a part of their being. Nobody will ever hold it, touch it, or even see it, but it is there. Everybody has one, it guilds your decision making, your thoughts, ideas, and dreams. You may think something is terrible while someone else does not even care and yet another person may laugh, why? The answer is simple, everyone has his own identity and personality. Everyone feels, acts, thinks, and dreams differently. People may have some of these things in common with one another, but they will not be totally the same, it is like a fingerprint, unique.There are many origins to a persons identity, their family, friends, home life, religion, environment and others. But how does it get there, you do not go into a store and rob on off the shelf. A persons identity is developed over many years and put together by the person themselves. It comes from the individuals index to think, reason and form an opinion. Nobody has the same mind, or the same or the same conscious, so how could anyone have the same identity as another. A persons identity is de veloped over many years from the time they become aware of their surroundings, to the time they decide if they are going to college, and even as they grow old there identity will channelise with them. As peoples dreams are dreamed and goals are accomplished their identities will change with the individual.

Enterprise rent a car

foremost step Rent-A-Car has defined its service much other than than that of the typical national car rental companies. Their idea and technique of personal service, by treating the guests like neighbors more so than clients is what makes this smart set so unique and successful. They atomic number 18 industry leaders in fleet size and market presence. The companys president, Andy Taylor, stated in his motto if you put the clients first they will be satisfied and have sex back, followed by employees who atomic number 18 well informed and part of a team atmosphere.If you put the customers and employees first the bottom line will happen. The companys service thought focuses on three key benefits for the customer. The first benefit is their enormous form of convenience due to nearby locations. Second, the luxury of being picked up and dropped off at ones own home, office, or repair shop free of charge. Third, are their outstanding rates that cannot be beat, as well as their ex ceptional selection of vehicles. 2. Enterprise Rent-A-Car possesses several advantageous features that give hem a leg up on the competition.Since the beginning, their market focus has been on the replacement segment. This includes customers who need a car because of an accident, routine maintenance, or theft. In addition is the discretionary segment, which includes people who use their services for short business, leisure, and other special occasion trips. The companys pick up and drop off feature is what sets them above their competition. Enterprise Rent-A-Car has offices located within 15 minutes of 90% of the U. S. opulation a highlight of their extreme focus on convenience.Although Enterprise Rent-A-Car offers a lot of the same choice in car selection as other companies, their main objective is to keep the customer entirely satisfied. As it was from the start according to Andy Taylor, their loyalty to customers is the key reason why so much of the Enterprises energy goes into r ecruiting, hiring, and training a well-informed and ministrant staff of personnel. 3. The service profit chain model can be used to emphasize the success of Enterprise Rent-A-Car as a whole.The first part of the model is the internal service caliber, which describes the environment in which employees work, the selection and development, rewards and recognition, access to information to serve the customers needs, and Job design. This goes back to Taylors idea of keeping a happy, well-informed staff that will provide the best service possible. The employees loyalty to the company will shine through in their service and output quality by tending to the customers needs in an efficient and effective manner.The result is satisfied customers and an overall increase in profit index for the company. Enterprise Rent-A-Cars technique in hiring practices targets the young college student one who generally has been a part of an organization such as a sporting team or fraternitysorority. This i s primarily because of hisher ability to be a people person someone able to speak well to service managers in addition to calm down a customer who has Just been in an accident. A strong devoted group of employees is what makes up the internal service of the ompany.According to the service profit chain model, this subsequently leads to the service prise, which drives customer satisfaction. Customer value is measured by comparing results received to the total costs incurred in obtaining the service. The all time high increasing their service value and lowering their costs. The staff of Enterprise Rent-A-Car exudes hospitality, which is necessary when performing a service and expecting satisfied customers. Despite their highly personalized service,Enterprise Rent-A-Car offers rates that are often 30% lower than those of its competitors. The service concept and the companys ever growing success is causation of their customer loyalty. Their service to meet the targeted customers needs is what results in life history value, retention, and referrals. As of today, the company has over 12 million vehicles and annual revenue of $14. 1 billion. This fact in itself displays how the service profit chain model has worked for this company throughout their many years in existence.

Population Explosion in India Essay

Population explosion is a problem which is faced by the boorish at an alarming state. The way at which the nation of the democracy is increasing is a cause of concern and so me of the causes of population explosion are High birth rate which is caused by Universal union dust where everyone necessarily needs to get married in the country. Early marriage where the average age of marriage is extremely low as compared to other countries of the world. illiteracy is a problem which is facing the country and the low literacy rates lead to traditional, superstitious and ignorant population.Poverty is a nonher issue which faces the country and needs to be solved. Poor people are illiterate and see a kid as a gift of God which indirectly leads to population explosion. Tropical temper of the country leads to girls and boys attaining puberty at an early age which is also one of the reasons for a huge population. The joint family system also leads to a division of socio- sparing responsib ilities among everyone in the family which leads to Women are given a low status in the society and are seen as a person for cooking and begetting and are not lighten to speak up for their rights.Along with this the decreasing death rate is also one of the reasons for population explosion. Indias population has already crossed the cardinal marks. Thus, the country having entirely on 2. 4 per cent of globes area has come to hold 16 per cent of globes compassionate beings. Its authoritative annual increase at 16 million is the highest in the world. Soon we may achieve the dubious distinction of becoming the most populous country in the world. The debate more(prenominal) or less population explosion in India is now over half a century old. It acquired a new place when the 2000 subject Population Policy (NPP) was drafted.There was a marked shift from the target-oriented approach of the 70? s and 80? s to the one that envisioned the development is the opera hat pill outlook. Th e demographics experts, womens groups, health organisations, loving activists and academicians were able to convince the policymakers that in order to achieve the socio- demographic goals of the reduction of inequalities, provision of education, services and creation of consciousness were to be taken on a priority. The main causes of big size and high growth of population can be broadly categorised into well-disposed and scotch causes which are as belowi) Marriage is almost inevitable among men and women (ii) Motherhood is nearly universal among married women (iii) The custom of early marriage followed since m all centuries has facilitated a wider range of reproductive period (iv) The Net Production Rate (NPR) is greater than one, which means that women replace themselves by giving birth to to a greater extent than one daughter which leads to everlasting rise in birth rate (v) Widespread illiteracy among people, especially woman is also a major contributor.It has been proved t hat there is a direct relation between illiteracy and fertility (vi) Superstitious beliefs and myths that a male child is a must for salvation, social security and continuation of the family tree and (vii) Misconceptions that the use of birth control measures lead to diseases, defects or general weakness.The economic causes include (i) Children are considered to be an as strict not a liability by the poor who look at them as source of income (ii) Statistics also prove that the cost benefit ratio for a child is favourable to the poor (iii) Lack of proper medical facilities and high mortality rate of infant to want more children and (iv) There is also total miss of economic security for widows and elderly people which makes people go for children as economic security.There are other reasons which cannot be classified as every social or economic reasons like lack of proper family planning techniques and facilities, high birth rate and low death rate. Overpopulation has far-reaching co nsequences on every expectation of life of a country. These consequences will have to be studied in length before we can find appropriate measures to stem the root. Overpopulation not only leads to but also perpetuates poverty. The economists are of the opinion that there are four main factors that make a country rich or poor1. subject factors like location features and mineral resources available in the country. 2. Historical factors, i. e. whether a country has breatheed a colony of some other country and has suffered long economic exploitation, e. g. India beneath British rule. 3. Demographic factors, i. e. the size and growth of population. 4. Economic factors, i. e. availability of corking, technology, infrastructure, etc. The demographic factors assume greater importance because natural factors remain constant and history cannot be changed. The large size of population means employment of lions share of the resources for the production of goods for the satisfaction of the basic needs of food, fit out and shelter.The high rate of growth of population means continuing additional burden on these resources. It is only due to unfavourable demographic factors that poor countries remain in perpetual poverty. The per capita income which is the indicator of richness of a country does not increase even with an increase in total income because the population which is a broker in this equation also increases. The economists affirm that the sure way for a poor country is to increase its productive capacity by producing more capital goods like machinery.But as the overpopulated countries need consumer goods in large quantities to satisfy peoples wants it becomes difficult for them to employ their resources for the producing producer goods and thus they remain under the vicious circle of poverty. Another drawback of population explosion is that it makes all plans made for development of the country go haywire. Our own country created an autonomous Planning missio nary post and started a series of Five-Year Plans from the year 1951-52.But we have not been able to bring rapid development because our population which was 36. 1 crore in 1951 has grown about three times today at approx. 108 crores. Naturally any development plan made for one person cannot be adequate for three. The age small-arm of our population is also not favourable. It has been found that the working age group constitutes 60% of the total population falls in the dependent age groups of a high dependency ratio of 67% calculated as follows If we take into account the unemployment disguised unemployment and quasi unemployment into factor this would present a gloomier picture of our economy. dummy up further, if we consider that a high portion of those who are engaged in some type of work or the other are not technically trained and fall in the category of unskilled labour, we shall realise that our productive capacity is quite low. Under such conditions a high growth of populat ion adds to the burden of our economy. The large size of population also has an adverse impact on our natural resources. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, minerals and forests are being excessively used to set up more industries to manufacture various consumable articles to satisfy ever- increasing wants.As these resources are limited and exhaustible, they have been dwindling so drastically that soon they would exhaust completely. Forests are being cleared to bring more land under cultivation to provide food for increasing population and to make more settlements for their living. Burning of fossil fuels in factories, vehicles and households has created another menace of environmental pollution. Injudisions use of water resources like rivers like, ponds, wells, streams and even oceans has caused water pollution.Many diseases have arisen to afflict clement beings and affect vegetation as it is, the deforestation is likely to continue unabated which would further aggravate the problem. Y et another problem is the migration of rural people to urban areas in search of better earning opportunities. The statistics show an alarming increase of 57% from 34% after independence. The crowding of urban localities demand more infrastructure, civic services, transport, health, sanitation and educational facilities providing which is not only a challenging task but also means an additional burden on the already inadequate economic resources.As the stabilisation of population is the most significant task ahead of us, stringent measures are required in this direction. Some countries have sought to do legal remedies for this chronic malady. For example, China has applied the one child norm lay law. Some Indian states have barred the candidates having more than two children from any election. Such strict measures may work but their side effects may outweigh their benefit to society and country.We need to address the problem of overpopulation in the broader sense and in a socially controlled way. This an be done by creating awareness among people and providing them the required means. Indias population has already crossed the billion marks. Thus, the country having only on 2. 4 per cent of globes area has come to hold 16 per cent of globes human beings. Its current annual increase at 16 million is the highest in the world. Soon we may achieve the dubious distinction of becoming the most populous country in the world. The debate about population explosion in India is now over half a century old. It acquired a new perspective when the 2000 National Population Policy (NPP) was drafted.

The Advantages and Disadvantages to Robotics

In this paper we will be talking about the advantages and disadvantages of robotics in the modern era. The use of robotics in the modern era has greatly increased since the prior era. I will explain how robots are used everywhere from industrial companies to medical facilities. The first function that I will be discussing is the advantages of robotics. In 2006 a California based intuitive Surgical Inc. launched a new running(a) system called the da Vinci surgical system.This is based from an article in the May 2010 edition of Yale scientific magazine this system was a major advantage for twain doctors and patients going finished major surgeries. One of the greatest aspects of this system is that its precise surgical tools are controlled by remote access. The surgeon, sitting at a console located some(prenominal) feet from the patient on the operating table, uses a hand and foot based control panel. This system has multiple arms with numerous tools like a scalpel, scissors. as we ll as the system has a full 3-D stereoscopic vision of any and all procedures. The da Vinci System offers many advantages over open surgery for both the surgeon and the patient. For the surgeon, the robotic arms offer greater mobility since their range of rotation is not constrained like the human wrists. In other words while pungent off tissue this can be done in one swift movement instead of the Jerking and start stop movement.

Traditional Foods for Chinese Festival

Chinese Food Traditional Foods for Chinese Festival Chelsea Yu 15th, Sep, 2012 First Draft of Chapter 2, 3 Pages IE924 Academic Writing ? chinaw ar is famous for foods, especially which must be prep bed for traditional festivals. These foods are make with traditional recipes and related to their marrow, ancient legend or historical story, which are passed along generation to generation. Among these traditional foods, Nian-gao, Yuebing, and Zongzi are representative. Nian-gao, a kind of traditional food with its own recipe, is also called rice cake or New category cake, which must be prepared for the Lunar New Year because of its meaning.In the Spring Festival, people from different regions will cook rice cakes in different ship canal according to their customs. in that respect are various kinds of famous rice cakes in different territories, such as white rice cakes made of millet in the Yankee China, yellow rice cakes made of coarse rice in Saibei region, white New Year cakes m ade of rice in the regions south of the Yangtze River, and the sticky cakes made of sticky rice in the regions in the southwest China. Moreover, people also have different flavors of rice cakes.People prefer steamed or fried rice cakes in the northern China, which are always sweet while residents in southern China still like stir-fried rice cakes and salty cakes in soup. In addition, the food Nian-gao has special meaning. The pronunciation of it in Chinese is similar to the Chinese blessing words that mean prosper for the next year. People believe that they will be better in the coming year after eating the New Year cakes. The second traditional food is Yuebing, which is well-known as the send for Mooncake and the related legend.It appeared in the Tang Dynasty as a sacrifice for the emperor at the Mid-Autumn Festival and changed to be popular traditional food. Yuebing is always classified by regions, flavors, fillings, and exteriors. The most common mooncake comes from Guangdong di strict and can be enjoyed in legion(predicate) cities like Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Beijing. The skin of this kind of Mooncake is made of wheat powder mixed with sugar, and oil. There are many different fillings decided by different people, like sweetened bean paste, lotus seed paste, egg yolk, or jam paste.In addition, mooncake represents the meaning of reunion, the origin of which is about a Chinese legend The goddess in the moon could only return to the earth to reunite with her husband when he had a mooncake on the specific day which was the Mid-Autumn festival. Nowadays, Yuebing has become more and more popular because of many new recipes. The third food is called Zongzi in mandarin and rice dumpling in English. It has always been attached to a Chinese historical story. Zongzi is a traditional food for the Dragon Boat Festival.Compared to the two former foods, rice dumplings are much easier to make at home. At the festival, some people will have a competition for fun about mak ing Zongzi, and the fastest unity is the winner. Most of Zongzi are composed of glutinous rice and meat or egg folk, wrapped by bamboo leaves, and steamed finally. Additionally, there is a famous historical story about the origin of the food. In ancient China, there was a loyal minister who provided suggestions to the emperor to improve the country. However, the emperor non only did not take his suggestions, but also banished him.With heavy pressure and disappointment, the minister whose name was QuYuan jumped to the river to commit suicide. Common people wanted to protect his body from fish by throwing rice dumplings to the river. After that, people started to eat rice dumplings in memory of him. Traditional foods like Nian-gao, Yuebing, and Zongzi in Chinese festivals have undergone many changes in flavors or recipes, but for Chinese people, the traditional recipes and the meaning, legend, historical story will never be forgotten.

Puritan society Essay

So far the auditory modality is aware that Hale can be a pragmatic character because it is clear that he does non believe some of the accusations can be true, which is why he is on his rounds. The puritan theology that he relies on has brought him to be a dirty dog character, believing that theology is a fortress, that the audiences birth to decide is congenial or disagreeable.The arrival of Cheever causes a mass silence in the room. This is done to give the audience a chance to put events into perspective and allows the tension floating tirelessly around in the room to build up. Cheever approaches the household with bad news. The audience moldiness be feeling sorry for him, as the men seem to be friends.Giles says to Cheever, its a pity that such an honest tailor might have gone to Heaven must burn in Hell. Cheever is sympathetic but he says that he is doing what he is told. This shows differences between some of Giles friends. follow is entrusting to darken his name in order to revert the charges to Giless married woman but Cheever is two faced, willing to throw away his friendship with Giles for money that he earns on his rounds.The suspense is built up even more as the audience is now eager to know what Cheever is doing in the house and what business of the court he is addressing. The audience is therefore stunned on the note that Cheevers arrival is because he holds the warrant for the arrest of Elizabeth. Proctor, whom has had an overt hate for Hale since his entry, is enraged as he said that Elizabeth was not charged just, somewhat mentioned. Hale, however, is just as shocked and proceeds by asking, when were she charged. The audience is really interested by this establish Miller has timed and written this section linking almost everything to a previous scene.We learn from Cheever that sixteen people had been charged that evening and all to be arrested. Cheever then begins to look around the room for any poppets. Miller has timed this to perfect ion as the audience is queued to remember the one that Mary Warren had given Elizabeth preferably that evening. Of course Elizabeth will not remember this after all the commotion. The audience are shown this when Elizabeth claims she has kept poppets since she was a girl. Cheever persists in his search, as her word is not veritable in court. Cheever finds the one that Mary gave to Elizabeth earlier and refuses to believe that it is Marys.This adds to the tension and also is a ploy for an even more terrible consequence. Elizabeth then goes to irritate Mary Warren in an attempt to prove her innocence, whilst she is away a most unimaginable discovery is made. There is a needle stuck in the swell of the poppet. Miller makes Proctor struggle to find out the significance of the needle. Whereas the audience is well aware of the significance that the needle has as this will be misinterpreted for a link to Abigail Williams being stabbed and are eager as to what Proctor will say or do.Pro ctor claims that she done it herself. But Cheever does not believe this rumor because Abigail had accused Elizabeths familiar intent of doing the deed. In such a puritan, god-fearing biblically run society accusing somebodys familiar spirit will mean they are telling the truth and the accused was a witch. The audience does not know this it what it means but they are able to learn on. At this point tension is at a titillating peak and the plot is steady.Hale is struck by the proof and is incapable of believing Proctors suggestion. Mary is brought down and is questioned consecutively. Her bewildered attitude as well as disagreeing opposition questioning her allows the questioners to manipulate her words and stutters to their own liking. After aggregation the basic outline in all the conflicting opinions she clearly says, I made it.Her admittance to the ownership and the placing of the needle in the poppet but this does not dissuade Cheever. He is convinced Tis hard proof Miller h as an excellent perception of the thoughts and moments that the audience are not anticipating, his pauses and hesitation in Marys dialogue give the audience an idea of how she is feeling and why she is stuttering so much.When Elizabeth finds out that Abigail is the one who has accused her, she loses her temper and says something that guaranteed her a one way tag to jail. She must be ripped out of the world. Elizabeth, by saying this, has virtually condemned herself, and the chances of her leaving innocent dumbfound slimmer. Proctor then gets a chance to protect his wife this appeals to the audience, as they know he is sincere and trying to forget Abigail.Proctor in a fit of rage tears Cheevers warrant and attempts to get rid of the uninvited company. Miller has opted for Hale to stay quiet throughout this confrontation to show his cowardly characteristics to the audience, as he has not said anything that he had said to the Proctors to Cheever. Proctor also knows this and his hate for Hale is again shown when he himself calls him a coward. This also shows how everyone who is a sceptic of the goings on in Salem does not want to publicise their queries in case the girls, for being too close to the truth, accuse them. Proctor keeps backing up his wife, whom knows there is no point because she will have to go whatever he does.Elizabeth is scared and the audience has now adopted a serious hate for Hale whose words are ineffectual and does nothing to stop Giles, Franciss and Proctors three wives from being arrested, he is frowned upon by everyone as a fake. Before she leaves Elizabeth tells Proctor to continue as normal. The audience may be sympathetic towards Hale because they know his religious status restricts his opinion. There are a few main points when hale enters that tier the rest of the play when Proctor claims that the goings on in Salem had naught to do with witchcraft and the arrest of Mrs. Proctor.This scene is flooded with instruments that create dr ama, suspense and emotion provoking feeling. The character description is appropriate and lets the audience differentiate good from evil. Miller employs splendid literary skills that keep the tempo and tension levels at unsufferable highs. The language is elementary and a lot of it is biblically surrounded reflecting the puritan society. His repressed feelings about the freedom of thought and speech in 1956 are all uttered without regret in the story and gives the Crucible a tailor made, captivating essence for the reader and audience.

Purpose of correctly receiving Essay

1.Conference callsThis function allow us to have a conversation with more then one person. This would be use when managers motivation to peach about important subject with other brunches.TransferThis function allow to transfer caller to another department. It poop be used when we the caller want to speak with the manager or person from different department.2. Prep atomic number 18 a brief report advising people onHow to follow organisational procedures when making and receiving telephone calls The offer of heavy(a) a verifying image of yourself and your organisation when making and receiving telephone calls.If possible, use specific information from procedures in your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with).Al around every business have procedures how to answer or receive telephone calls. When the person is answering the phone is automatically responsible for positive or negative reputation of the business, thats why is very to follow those procedures promptly to a chieve a professional standards.Answering a call from my client I ceaselessly answering after one or two rings, I have pen and paper ready just in circumstance I need to make a note or take a message. Then I politely greeting a caller giving my name and company, thenasking how arsehole I help, if the call is not for me I am taking message, writing the caller name and message. I always ending the conversation with a summary just in case I understand correctly every part of the conversation, then politely give conveys for call with good bye and hang up.Giving positive image is similarly important, because this depends weather customer will stay or go someplace else. We can create a positive image if we will deal with callers efficiently, which means we have to know exactly what we are doing and how to use phone system.I would create a positive image with positive attitude towards all customers. I would answer the phone with a smile and kindly greeting. I would also try to ident ify the callers and his needs, the I would deal with it with polite manners and I would try my best to help. Secondly I would speak naturally with sensible fixedness to make sure the caller understand properly, then I would repeat information if necessary and summarise all the points from the conversation with the caller. Lastly I would thank the caller for his call and his time then end the conversation appropriately.If we fail to give a positive image during a phone conversation this can be very harmful for the business even more the business cane loose lots of money which could effect employees as well. The business can have a bad reputation which means that the customer will not consider cooperation with the business in the future.Section 2 Understand how to speak send out1. Explain the purpose of correctly receiving, checking and sorting mail and packages (both incoming and outgoing).Mail is important for successful business.It is used to transfer material, equipment and in voices from suppliers to business by post, secondly is used to provide important documents, invoices or products to the customers.One or more people could be responsible fro receiving, checking and sorting mail and packages. It must be through very carefully, otherwise the mail could not reach the recipient on time and the consequence could be that the recipient will not pay the not bad(p) invoice on time and could be charged for late payment.Poor mail handling could lead to loss of important documents/invoices, delays in mails, delivered mail to pervert person, additionally payment could be lost and materials or parts not being delivered on time. Finally poor mail handling could lead to disgruntled customers (they could leave), to loss of money and sometime to business closure.2. Complete the table below with the following informationAt least two examples of internal mail function that are available to organisations At least two examples of external mail services that are avai lable to organisationsInternal mail servicesExternal mail services1. Internal post it is used to deliver mail between departments and branches, is sent in unsealed A4 envelopes. Confidential letters are labelled.1. Royal Mail. This is most popular mail service in Uk. It offer wide range of mailing option to suit customers needs.2. Intranet mail is circulate electronically.2. P4D is a private messenger service. It help find a right courier service for urgent, big and heavy items. Sometimes is cheaper then Royal Mail.

The Hero vs Villian Dichotomy in Beowulf

Casey Kerins AP English Literature 10/1/12 In the heroical Beowulf, composed in the 8th century, the reader follows the protagonist, Beowulf, on a series of adventures to defeat three place monsters. This old English poem uses a series of motifs to help develop its themes, known as dichotomies. Dichotomies, delineate as opposites on the same spectrum, range from ethical and evil to young and old, light and dark to Christianity and paganism. completely these dichotomies are represented clearly in the text however the concept of Heroes and scoundrels can be pulled in many different directions.Although Beowulf is always the hero, it is questionable as to if his three opponents are simply villains. In the beginning(a) of Beowulfs three battles, he fights Grendel, an evil creaturefull of envy and anger (13). Grendel, a deuced descendent of Cain who lived in the darkness, attacked the people out of anger and jealousy, for they were constantly rejoicing and celebrating. When Beowu lf heard of Grendels murders and attacks, he set out to avenge the Danes. Although Grendel is protected by his sorceries, Beowulf is victorious in defeating him by brut exclusivelyy drag Grendels arm from his socket, fatally wounding him.In this battle, Grendel is very obviously the villain, and Beowulf the triumphant hero. According to the text, Grendel was a sanguineous and evil creature who enjoyed the pain and suffering of others in no way can the creature be redeemed. The poem says, then Grendels heart laughed, for the savage beast was in the mood to sever each thoughts life from its body before daybreak as he saw this opportunity to satisfy his slaughterous appetite (33). Grendel is an evil creature, and his actions are for selfish and personal reasons. Beowulf, on the other hand, is the Hero, who fights for the good of others, and defends the helpless.Although he does desire glory, Beowulf gives thanks to God always for helping his prevail. The second battle is between Beo wulf, once again, and Grendels mother. Grendels mother, who remained nameless throughout the poem, is described as that wife of trolls, and a hag, although she is not depicted as shuddery or monstrous. She was mournful and attacked Heorot to avenge the death of her son. Being more than of an angry, scared woman and not a bloodthirsty monster, she quickly realized her mistake in attack and fled for her life, taking a chieftain with her.Beowulf went to crush the beast, and succeeded in bloodily killing Grendels mother. The text says he smote so ferociously that it caught her by the neck, gaolbreak her bones (57). Beowulf again proved victorious, a hero in the eyes of the Danes. This second battle is more complicated than the first. Although one can merely say Beowulf is the hero, Grendels mother is the villain and be do with it, further thought suggests it is not that simple. As a warrior and hero, Beowulf upholds himself to the heroic code, calling for courage, honor, and venge ance.If our standards for a hero repose on these three qualities, is not Grendels mother as heroic as the Hero? She is in effect(p) in trying to avenge her sons death, just as Beowulf was with Grendel and the Danes. She shows courage by attacking Heorot, full of warriors, and obviously wants vengeance for her sons death. Although Grendels mother is ugly in carriage and a descendent of Cain, therefore cursed and evil, she is justified in retaliating, and possesses the three qualities of a hero. The final battle takes place fifty years after Beowulf defeats Grendel and his mother, and he is now an old king.Beneath the land Beowulf ruled lies a dragon, guarding a large amount of treasure and ancient heirlooms. The dragon, which lived unprovoked for three hundred years, was disturbed when a slave stole a goblet from the cave. When the goblet was not given back, the dragon attacked villages and incinerated the countryside. Beowulf, who once again sought vengeance and to protect his p eople, went after the dragon with 11 men. When they saw how ferocious the beast was, all but one fled in fear. Beowulf and Wiglaf fought the dragon and succeeded in killing it, unfortunately at the cost of Beowulfs life.Before Beowulfs death, he asks to see the treasure to comfort him and know he is giving something to his people. This battle is as well as complicated. Is the dragon evil for simply protecting what was his? Or is it wrong for the dragon to attack all the land, oer a single goblet? The dragon is described as being an evil monster with war-making and diabolic rage (75). Beowulf, the old hero and king, sought out the dragon to protect his kingdom. The dichotomy of Hero and Villain is plainly seen here Beowulf is the hero, and the evil dragon is the villain.Although the dragon was wronged when the slave stole from the cave, Beowulf is the hero in support his people from the attacks. In each of the three battles, a dichotomy of hero and villain is weaved into the text. Beowulf is, of course, assumed to be the hero, but how much his opponents are evil is open to discussion. Beowulfs opponents have many evil traits in them, but some are justified in what they do, and even present characteristics of a hero. The Epic Beowulf presents good and evil and hero versus villain in different ways within each battle, that contribute as a whole to its theme.

Islamic State

Moslem Economics Institution Of Bait-ul-Maal By Muhammad Adeel Mian Sajjad Naqwi Sec-H Pre moveed to Miss Tahseen Lahore coach of Economics BAIT-UL-MAAL Introduction The bait-ul-maal is a unique institute which was established for the economic prosperity of the heap. As we entirely know in the Islamic system of life sovereignty belongs to Allah and man is His vicegerent on earth. Similarly the selfsame(prenominal) construct applies to Bait-ul-maal, where Allah is sole master of this treasury while the caliphs ar only the trustee of Bait-ul-Maal. In this spirit the concept of Bait-ul-maal is different from the concept of public exchequer in un-Islamic systems.In an Islamic state Bait-ul-maal is Safeguarded and expenditures from it is made in the sense that it is a trust. Definition So how can we define bait-ul-maal? It is the place which is knowing for keeping the spoils of war, charity, pour down tax and Jizyah (the tax which a free non-Muslim pays in Muslim countries in ret urn for his protection), and this money should be in the hands of the caliph or a Muslim ruler who spends it in what Allaah has ordained. Historic all in ally, it was a fiscal mental home responsible for the administration of taxes in Islamic states, particularly in the early Islamic Caliphate.It served as a royal treasury for the caliphs, managing personal finances and government expenditures. Further, it administered distributions of zakah revenues for public works. History Bayt al-mal was the department that dealt with the revenues and all other economic matters of the state. In the time of Muhammad (SAW) there was no permanent Bait-ul-Mal or public treasury. any(prenominal) revenues or other amounts were received were distributed right away. thither were no salaries to be paid, and there was no state expenditure.Similarly visionary Muhammad, (pbuh), established the common comradehood of Muslims soon after the Hijrah to Medina from Mecca. Each resident of Medina became a help er (ansar) to each individual who mig evaluated with Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The rich Muslims took charge of the poor ones and soon the economic disparity was removed with the interdependency. and so the need for the treasury at public level was non felt. Abdullah ibn Abbas (R. A) states For me to fulfil the necessities of a Muslim family for a month or for a week or whatever period of time Allah pleases is more pricey to me than performing hajj after hajj.Buying a utensil for even a daaniq (one-sixth of a dirham) and giving it to my brother as a gift for the pleasure of Allah is more beloved to me than spending a dinar in the path of Allah. Abu Nuaym in Hilya 1328 But It wont be right to say that the concept of Bait-ul-maal didnt exist at the time of last prophecy. The Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, practised to have trustworthy people who unplowed these as come ins and they set forthd them with his order on those who deserved them. The mosque was the place in which the assets and belongings were exposed and the Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, would divide them by himself.However, the camels and other cattle remained in the folds until it was time for their division. Even in the time of Abu Bakr there was not treasury. Abu Bakr earmarked a house where all money was kept on receipt. As all money was distributed immediately the treasury generally remained locked up. It was reported that at the time of the death of Abu Bakr there was only one dirham in the public treasury. After the death of 1st caliph things changes. Establishment of Bait-ul-maal In the time of Umar (R. A) things changed. With the consultation in conquests money came in capaciousr quantities, Umar also allowed salaries to men fighting in the army.Abu Huraira who was the Governor of Bahrain sent a revenue of five hundred thousand dirhams. Umar summoned a showdown of his Consultative Assembly and desire the opinion of the Companions ab place the disposal of the money. U thman ibn Affan advised that the amount should be kept for future needs. Walid bin Hisham suggested that desire the Byzantines separate departments of Treasury and Accounts should be set up. After consulting the Companions Umar (R. A) decided to establish the Central Treasury at Madinah. Abdullah bin Arqam was ap luffed as the Treasury Officer. He was assisted by Abdur Rahman bin Awf and Muiqib.A separate Accounts surgical incision was also set up and it was required to maintain record of all that was spent. Later provincial treasuries were set up in the provinces. After meeting the local expenditure the provincial treasuries were required to remit the supernumerary amount to the central treasury at Madinah. According to Yaqubi the salaries and stipends charged to the central treasury amounted to over 30 million dirhams. Whereas a separate building was constructed for the royal treasury by the name bait-u-maal, which in large cities was guarded by as many as 400 guards.Finally in Hazart Umers regime the concept of Bait-ul-maal was implemented and strengthened. Zakat This is the most important source of revenue of the Bait-ul-maal. It is different from the other revenues because its collection, in regards of with its collected amounts and in regards with its spending. Islam restricted the sources from where Zakat is collected, it is collected from the wealth of Muslims only and not from the non-Muslims. It is, as well, not a general tax, quite one of the pillars of Islam. Besides this, paying Zakat achieves a spiritual value, like the prayer, fasting and the hajj.Holy Quran and Prophet (pbuh) has lay a great emphasis on the duty of paying sadqats. Once the messenger of Allah (SAW) sent Muaz to Yemen and verbalize to him Inform them that Allah obliged Sadaqah upon their wealth that is taken from their rich and given to their poor. The Holy Prophet (S. A. W) fixed the rate on possession of wealth above a certain level and enforce its collection. There are different rates of Zakat on various properties such as zakat on 7. 5tolas of Gold, 52. 5tolas of silver etc. It is, as well, not a general tax, rather one of the pillars of Islam so of great importance to Muslim society.Jizyah Jizyah is derived from Jaza which mean recompense or compensation. It is a per capita tax levied on a section of an Islamic states non-Muslim citizens. From the point of view of the Muslim rulers, jizya was a material proof of the non-Muslims acceptance of subjection to the state and its lawsIn return, non-Muslim citizens were permitted to physical exertion their faith, to respect a measure of communal autonomy, to be entitled to the Muslim states protection from outside aggression, and to be relinquished from force service and the zakat taxes obligatory upon Muslim citizens.Allah said Fight, with those from among the people of the book who do not believe in Allah nor in the Last Day who do not make illegitimate that which Allah and His Messenger has mad e unlawful and adopt the right way as their way. (Fight with them) until they pay Jazia with their own hands and are humbled. 930 Kharaj Land of the conquered terrorities odd by the reigning Caliph in the possession of the subjugated unbelievers and land of thoses countries which accepted the sovereignty of Islamic state by a treaty of peace are called kharaji.The revenue, tax, rent, rate, lease, produce, income, wages etc collected from these land owners is called kaharaj. This polity of collection was archetypical adopted my Hazart Umer r. a butsanction for the levy of Kharaj is also found from the practice of the Prophet of Islam who gave the conquered lands of Khaiber to the Jews (who were previous owners of these lands) on the agreement that they would pay half of the produce to the Islamic State. Now I will call upon Sajjad Naqwi to guide you through rest of the sources of revenue of house of treasury. SadqatLinguistically, sadaqah is derived from the root sadq or sidq, wh ich style to speak the truth, to be sincere. It can also mean, candor and efficiency. Quran and Hadith laid emphasis on sadqat. It finds its origin in Gods command to Take sadaqah (charity) from their attribute in order to purify and sanctify them. (Quran at-Taubah103) There are two main types 1- Sadqat-i-Wajiba(obligatory Sadqat) 2-Sadqat-i-Nafla( supplementary sadqat) Sadqat-i-Wajiba is the offering of Zakat while Sadqat-i-Nafla is distribution of charity according to your will. FaieIf cow by the might of the Muslim army, the infidel forces runway without a fight leaving behind goods and attribute or after victory in battle the Muslim leaves the land of the unbelievers in their possession and self-control subject to a fixed tax, or a Kharaj or Jizyah all this gain sum up to FAIE. In this sense even kharaj and Jizyah become a kind of Faie. The Holy Quran declared the faie revenues as the right of bait-ul-maal. Faie is distributed amongst the soilders of Islam but instead is k ept for the poor and needy. Orders regarding the Faie have beed issued in Sura Al-Hashr Whatever Allah restorted to His Messenger from the people of the habitants, belongs to Allah and the Messenger and the kinsfolk and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarers, so that it does not remain circulating among your rich people only. Take whatever you Messenger gives you, and refrain from whatever he forbids you. Fear Allah , for Allah is stern in inflicting punishment. 597-10 Zaraib Taxes, isolated from zakat and sadqat, which the Islamic state is constraint to rely on the rich to meet the emergencies are called Zaraib.Such emergencies include war, drought, carrying out of urgent public public assistance works and alleviation of unemployment. Discussing the question of assisting the destitute, Imam Ibn-e-Hazm writes If the bait-ul-mal funds, and revenues of faie fall short of meeting the economic needs of the suppliants the Caliph can impose additional taxes on the rich. If they res ist, the Caliph can use force to make them pay. Kra-al-ard State lands leased out on fixed rent are called annual Rent kra-al-ard/lagan.No ushr or kharaj is levied on these lands. Lands which after war are denoted to a trust for the Muslims or ownerless tracts managed by Bait-ul-maal are called Ard al-Mamlukata or Ard al-Hauza Ashur Import duty was collected only once a class from merchants who brought trade goods into the territory of the Islamic state. This custom or import duty is called Ashur. This duty was imposed fot the first tiome in the regime of Caliph Umer (R. A). Muslim traders who carried goods for sale to Rome or Iran paid custom on each consignment.As a reciprocal measure the Islamic govt also imposed a duty on incoming goods, but the duty was exacted only once a yr. Muslim, Dhimmi, or Non-Muslims, no one was exempt from this duty. However each of them had to pay different rates of Ashur. Muslims being 2. 5%, Dhimmis 5% and Non-Arabs 10%. The stripped value of mer chandise on which the duty was payable was 200 dirhams. Muslims who paid Zakat were exempted if they showed an affidavit. Waqf To transfer ones property to the ownership of Allah, that is, to dedicate it to the cause of Allah is called Waqf(trust).The income from this property is deposited in the Bait-ul-maal. Amwal-i-fazla Other source of revenue includes * The property of a deceased Muslim or Dhimmi with no heir becomes the the property of Bait-ul-maal * Secondly the property of an poltroon is confiscated by the state and passed on to the ownership of Bait-ul-maal CONCLUSION Baitul Maal program is designed tostrengthen human resources, randomness technology, mentoring and facilitation of financing, and system management software technology-based and community empowerment in the areas of sustainable economic development.The master of the institution of bait-ul-maal is ALLAH and it is made to serve people and to maintain equality and brotherhood in the society. Tax system was desi gned in such a way that citizens did not consider it as burden and fail to get together it. Taxes which were imposed and collected were just for the prosperity of state and its citizens and to make the Islamic state a welfare state. Hence following the rules and regulations of Bait-ul-maal can help put an end to poverty THANK YOU

Good Agriculture Practices

culture AND MAN PRT2008 (KUMP 45) GOOD AGRICULTURE PRACTICES (GAP) IN MALAYSIA professor . ZAHARAH ABDUL RAHMAN GROUP MEMBERS NORAFIZZA BT MAHAT NUR AMIRA HANIM BT AZMAN CHAN WEE ANN LIEW HUI QING JIVITHA THANARAJAN 169797 168494 169638 168358 161812 INTRODUCTION The term level-headed Agricultural Practices (GAP) can refer to any assembly of specific methods, which when applied to agriculture, produce results that be in harmony with the rates of the proponents of those practices. There are legion(predicate) competing definitions of what methods constitute not bad(predicate) Agricultural Practices, so whether a practice can be onsidered good testament depend on the standards you are applying. Lets us look at one particular definition of well(p) Agricultural Practices as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Description of the UN FAO GAPs i) Good Agricultural Practices are a collection of principles to apply for on- enhance pr oduction and post-production processes, resulting in safe and healthy provender and non- fodder inelegant products, while taking into account economical, social and environmental sustainability. ii) GAPs may be applied to a wide range of farming systems and at different scales.They are applied through sustainable countrified methods, such as integrated swearing management, integrated fertilizer management and conservation agriculture. GOOD AGRICULTURE PRACTICES IN MALAYSIA 1. Animal health ? Prevent the spread of malady onto the farm Animals that are identified of their disease status can yet be allowed to be brought onto the farm. Cattle transport on and off the farm that do not carry any disease vex to be en sure enoughd. The farm must have secure boundaries/fencing. If possible, limit access of mass and wildlife into the farm. hurl a flea control programme for the livestock. Only put on clean equipment from the right and veritable source. ? apply only prescribed chemicals and veterinarian medicines for farm usage habit chemicals according to instructions with appropriate dosages and observe suitable withholding periods. Only rehearse prescribed veterinary medicines by veterinarians and observe specified withholding periods. Store chemicals and veterinary medicines securely and dispose of them properly. ? Train people appropriately Have procedures in check for detecting and handling be sick animals and veterinary chemicals. Make sure all people are undergo sufficient training to carry out their tasks correctly. Choose reliable sources for advice. 2. Milking hygiene ? see milking procedures do not injure cows or contaminate the produced milk realize suitable udder preparation for milking. control consistency in application of milking techniques. Isolate milk from sick or treated animals. experience milking equipment is correctly installed and maintained. Ensure enough supply of clean water ? Ensure milking is carried out u nder hygienic conditions Ensure housing environment is clean at all times. Ensure milking area is kept clean. Ensure the milkers follow basic hygiene rules. 3. Animal feeding and water ? Ensure animal feed and water are of utmost level of forest Keeping animals healthy with high quality feed. Prevent water supplies and animal feed materials from chemical contamination. Avoid chemical contamination referable to farming practices. ? Control storage conditions of feed No microbiological or toxin contamination or undesirable mapping of prohibited feed ingredients or veterinary preparations. Keeping animals healthy with good quality feed. 4. Animal benefit Animals are free from thirst, hunger and malnutrition Provide enough feed (forage and/or fodder) and water daily. Control stocking order and/or supplementary feeding to ensure sufficient water, feed and fodder supply. Protect animals from toxic plants and opposite harmful substances. Provide water supplies of good qua lity that are regularly surveyed and maintained. ? Animals are free from pain, injury and disease Have an effective herd health management programme in place and inspect animals regularly. Protect against im balance wheel. Lactating animals should be milked regularly. Avoid using procedures and practices that cause unnecessary pain to the animals. 5. Environment ? Have a correct waste management system. Ensure wastes are stored to reduce the risk of environmental pollution to the lowest level. Manage grassland to prevent effluent runoff by spreading farm manures appropriate with topical anaesthetic condition. ? Ensure dairy farming practices do not have an adverse impact on the local environment single-valued function chemicals (fertilizers, agricultural and veterinary chemicals, pesticides, etc) appropriately to avoid contamination of the local environment. Ensure boilersuit appearance of the dairying operation is appropriate for a facility in which high quality food is produced 6. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ?Takes into account the ecological factors and plant biology to minimize pest community to a minimum level without causing economic loss. Biological Control Pest control refers to the use of natural enemies that can influence growth, breeding and control of the pest population at a balance level. Cultural Control Cultural control is an agronomic practice used by farmers to increase their production.The followings are examples of cultural practices a. Adopt and practice field hygiene, including in the surrounding areas, such as weeding and disposal of agricultural wastes (collect and destroy rotten fruits and diseased plant parts) b. Use of disease free planting materials c. Soil give-and-take wish well liming d. Pruning of pest infected plant parts e. Crop rotation f. Ploughing g. Use of resistant varieties h. Water management i. Selection of suitable sites j. Use of thoroughgoing fertilizers to improve soil coordinate and soil Chemical Control 1.Chemical control covers the use of the following chemicals i. Pesticides ii. Biopesticides like azadirachtin and Bacillus thuringiensis 2. Chemical attractants like i. Pheromones ii. Protein bait 3. The use of chemicals must be based on the following factors i. Chemicals are used only when the pest population had reached or exceeded the economic threshold value ii. Do not use unsubtle spectrum pesticides iii. If pesticides are to be used, the usage shall be minimum and environmentally friendly iv. The use of pesticides should be the coating alternative for pest control instances of Integrated Pest Management i. Pest Control for Bananas (Moko disease and Panama wilt) a. Use of disease free plantlets sourced through weave culture and treatment of the planting materials if not sourced by tissue culture b. Monitoring and destruction of diseased plants c. Crop rotation and follow d. Farm equipments should be treated and free from pests before use e. Good drainage f. Prevention by spraying benomyl Control of Tungro (Penyakit Merah Virus) of paddy a. Inspection of disease and vectors b. Planting of resistant varieties c. Simultaneous planting d.Eliminate source of disease and alternative hosts e. Good drainage and land preparation f. Use certified paddy seeds g. Use of pesticides to control vector (Nephotettix virescens) when in that location is an outbreak of the disease h. Implement the recommended fertilizer programme 7. Site Management The farm should have a Crop-Soil Suitability Map, for the following purposesa. To ensure only crops which are suitable are planted in the farm. b. To get a line the types of soil limitations and to make suggestions on their remedial actions for optimum crop production c. To obtain high and quality yield, e. g. ased on topography and agroclimatic zone, mango is suitable for planting in the States of Kedah, Perlis and Melaka. Factors taken into consideration for evaluating CropSoil Suitability are a. perspi cacity of soil b. Depth to acid sulphate layer c. Drainage d. Nutrient content e. Thickness of organic horizon f. Salinity g. Slope h. Soil texture/structure i. Stoniness Land Management Terrace Example of A Corporation Which Practices GAP Example of A Corporation Which Practices GAP Sime Darby Plantation possess a strong commitment to sustainable development as shown through its plantation business. Sime Darby Plantation is one member of the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and has adopted the best of industrial techniques into its daily operations. Sime Darby Plantation acts as an industry leader in Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). The good agriculture practices implemented by Sime Darby are as follows i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. Land management Water management Zero burning replanting technique Integrated pest management Palm oil mill effluent treatment system High conservation value forest in the estates Biodiversity Quality assurance THANK YOU

Sex and Violence in Romeo and Juliet

I fear this solely a dream, too sweet to be substantial, are the emollient words uttered from star-crossed spangrs caught in the chaotic instability that permeates Franco Zeffirillis Romeo and Juliet (1968), Baz Lurmans Romeo + Juliet (1996), and John Maddens Shakespear and Love (1998). Although there are significant differences in each movies portrayal of Juliet and her Romeo, they accurately depict Freuds ideas concerning tell apart and mankind cristaldencies. In The Einstein-Freud Correspondence, Freud explains that in nature, ferocity rules everywhere.Einstein questions mankinds lust for destruction and Freud affirms that man has two basic instincts sex and military force. The constant state of instability and ill allow for mingled with humankind in nature makes peace unavoidable. In the case of Romeo and Juliet, esteem can enterprise to rebel against the specter of war, but it is always beaten down. Tragically, Romeo and Juliets delight in is inextricably entwined w ith the pugnacity that plagues their feuding families.both Romeo and Juliet try to fight the hostility with love, but all psychical acts (according to Freud) occur in an atmosphere of bashfulness, and the stress between singles impulses, and what company will allow, shits an unavoidable instability. Each movie is an interesting reading of Shakespeares masterpiece however, Zeffirillis Romeo and Juliet is the lift out representation of trustworthy love and human tendencies. Though extremely witty and entertaining, Maddens Shakespeare in Love does not represent professedly love and human nature.One of Maddens central devices is to create a background of events, large and small, drawn from go away Shakespeares daily life. For example, in the brusking horizons Madden shows Will strolling through town hearing lines sh step forwarded out from town criers much(prenominal) as a plague on both your houses Moreover, Madden poses Will as at a loss for inspiration. Hence, William gets the foundations of his next play (Romeo and Juliet) from a chance encounter with a refer poet. Maddens use of time and space is key to the progression of Wills character.The events in the queens quarters, the tensions between the two playhouses, and the auditions for Wills new play pay back up the meeting for the beautiful Viola. Madden creates a real narrative outside the realm of the story of Romeo and Juliet which explains how the masterpiece came to be. For example, the battle between two playhouses, The Rose and The Curtain, is commuteed into the feud between the two noble houses of Montague and Capulet in imaginary Verona. An another(prenominal) interesting theme is the idea of chaos.In numerous moments it seems all will be lost, but as Henslow says several times when asked how everything will work it, he answers, I dont know, its a mystery. Among the chaos, Wills love and inspiration for fair Viola is the fuel that keeps the go over burning. In other words, Romeo a nd Juliets modern adapters direct the spectators attention to what might have been the inspiration for Shakespeares work. Nevertheless, with love, uprises violence (as mentioned above). What produces the lovers calamity is the depth of their feelings.The truth is, even in a world built on such unfavorable foundations, it should take much more to destroy love. Williams and Violas love, on the other hand, is not the best testament to true love. It proves much weaker than the civilization. In the closing scenes, the queen decrees Viola emerge with her husband. Society succeeds in oppressing their love without resistance. If their love were true, they would fight with every last breath to be together. Lurhmans Romeo + Juliet, like Maddens Shakespeare and Love, falls short of true love as well.Unlike Zeffirilli, Lurhman set out with the intention of making a modern day Romeo and Juliet with great success. He plays brilliantly with love in coition to time and nature. He toys with time in the opening gang warfare scene, compete the typical montage introduction of the players through a series of speedy zooms that isolate, in turn, the important characters on screen. His use of color and chaos is perfectly representative of Freuds ideas concerning constant instability. Not only that, but his choice in music creates dramatic setting.The movie itself has numerous speed-up moments but is slowed down in fault describeing scenes to allow informants to soak up every bit of information. For example, the fight scene is particularly profound. elegant music backs the th low, clouds, and darkness that envelope the screen as Mercutio dies. It is a perfect example of nature culmination in and playing a role in the movie. Lurhman does an amazing job with his timing because he allows the viewer to slow down and soak every drop of the scene. One of the most important misreadings of Romeo + Juliet occurs during Mercutios fagot Mab speech.Normally interpreted as the drunken im provisation of a jesting wit in relation to dreams, here Mercutio is speaking about the do drugs ecstasy. Playing to modern times, Lurhman has Romeo take the ecstasy before gallery to the Capulet ball. The meeting scene between Romeo and Juliet is thus overshadowed by the fact that Romeo has just taken a drug that inspires enormous amounts of pleasure. Consequently, the implication is that the relationship is founded on artificial feelings. One could argue that Romeo washes away the effects of the drugs in the sink prior to the Juliet-aquarium meeting, but ecstasy does not wear off that easily.True, the rest of the movie h rares closely to the love tragedy that is Romeo and Juliet, but the drug-induced meeting is questionable in terms of true love. Finally, Zeffirillis old Romeo and Juliet is the best example of true love and human nature. Not to mention the style, dialogue, setting, costumes, and music in Zeffirillis version are closely related to the themes and feel of Shakespe ares famous play. From the opening scenes, the viewer is taken into the old world and shown the incredible violence and resentment between the two houses.Within the first ten minutes, the viewers are given a picture of the impermeable violence similar to that which Einstein wished to weaken in his correspondence with Freud. Perhaps love could settle the inherent violence that permeates human nature? In the case of Romeo and Juliet, there love cannot, but it is pure and true. The meeting scene between the lovers is one of despotic beauty. Romeos playful pursuit of Juliet is simple, yet elegant. The scene commences at the beginning of a serene margin call by a boy (incredible choice by Zeffirilli) leading up to the first act of aggression Romeos hand touching Juliets.Although their love is forbidden by their family names, it continues to grow. Unfortunately, their time and space is contain and the constraint on their bond is too great. Their suffering is due to the fact that they do not understand what love can accomplish. Instead of uniting the families, they cause a fresh slice in an already open wound. However, the reason they never progress and mature in their love is because of the tragedies of civilization and the violence inherent in it (as mentioned above). Hatred among men rages without restraint, and for Romeo, it causes him to kill Tybalt, a newly made family member.Censored wishes of the Id arise up and transform Romeo when he says, Take back the villain that thou gavest me, for fire, fury be my conduct now The acquit and eventual plot to unite the forbidden lovers is thwarted again by time and space. Zeffirillis final scenes are wet with tragedy as Romeo passes the donkey on horseback, which has the letter explaining the fathers plan. Finally, Romeo is unavailing to live without his Juliet because his love for her is something more. She is a part of him and without her he has no reason to continue breathing.The sum of one lovers bliss is rel iant on the life of his love. If he or she is dead and their love is true, then the lover has no choice but death. Both Einstein and Freud would agree that the Montagues and Capulets (in Zeffirillis and Lurmans masterpieces) represent civilization and human kinds natural form of aggressiveness. Juliet remarks after the potent love-at-first-sight scene in Romeo and Juliet, my only love sprung from my only hate. The brilliance of the two lovers story is the ancient hatred between their families.Conversely, the tragedy of them is that love connects the characters no more to happiness than it does to sorrow, turmoil and murder. Unfortunately, the two young lovers live under the illusion of physical freedom from the duties and constraints of their families/civilization. The hatred between the Montagues and Capulets is deep-rooted and rages on without restraint (much like society today). Romeo and Juliets love is eloquent and passionate but without solidity. It cannot hope to combat the aggression plaguing them.Freud states, love isbest understood clinically as a response to stimuli (Freud, 524). The issue is that the stimuli are too short lived. However, what is true love? It is the perpetual question that echoes through the corridors of time with answers always varying. Yet love has a correspondence with time. The way it begins, takes shape, and changes is relative to time and space. In each of the movies, the time and space of Romeo and Juliets love is visualised in the background as apposed to the foreground. The visuals, music, and emotion strike at the subconscious, leaving the viewer in awe.Madden, Lurhman, and Zeffirilli create masterpieces that people desire and want to see. In conclusion, Freud would argue the lovers must understand that human consciousness exists in perpetual tension and instability. Not only that, but true love offers complete happiness to the lovers. In his lectures, Freud gives a poem from Goeths Westostlicher Diwan as an example of real love So it is held, so well may be But down a different track I come Of all the bliss on earth hold for me I in Zuleika find the sum (Freud, 520). The lovers find the sum of all bliss in each other if their love is true.However, the power and sum of their love does not mean it can combat the nature of violence and society. Each film, respectively, depicts Freuds ideas on true love and human nature. Though, human nature can be redefined as violence and aggression. Freedom is limited in each one of the Shakespearean films because the tension between ones impulses and what society will allow creates an inevitable instability. Both Einstein and Freud would agree that try as the fiery lovers might, nature and violence of the instilled houses of Verona will stop there love from flourishing into something greater.

ASDA Conclusions

In this enquiry I surrender spent approximately 4 months, with a lot of time, effort and energy, studying all the different perspectives, facts and opinions for the proposals make by ASDA for a new superstore to be located on the former West St Leonards School site, eastbound Sussex. Therefore having studied this case for a consider fitted amount of time, I would see myself as having a reasonably in-depth knowledge of the case, and be perfectly justified and able to make a fair decision, whether the proposals, in my opinion, should go ahead.Near the beginning of this enquiry I vex studied the views of the local community. From the residents surveys carried out your able to see that most people in and around the West St Leonards area appear to be mostly in favour of the proposed tuitions. (Roughly 70%) But clearly other people also seem to be concerned for the welfare of the surrounding environment, wildlife, the impact the extra relations whitethorn have and the construction jo bs.In the second section to my enquiry I carried out surveys of the old West St Leonards school site. From my environmental shade survey and site analysis, it is evident that the environmental quality in and around the site previous to the development would be far greater than if the proposals were to take place.For the third part to my studies I carried out a traffic survey for the roads in the neighbouring areas to the site. This was to indicate whether the developments would generate any increase in traffic, and congestion. As you may have noticed from the links flows, the impact on the surrounding roads would generate a surprisingly low increase and flows and congestion.In the fourth area of this enquiry I investigated other sites considered and later rejected by ASDA the silverhill site appears overall not entirely suitable for a superstore of this scale. This is largely because I regard the surrounding roads couldnt cope with the traffic increase. Where as the railways goo ds yard strikes me as more suitable, it is a very good and central location with excellent access for both cars and pedestrians (possibly having alighted from the very frequent public carry running very nearby.) But unfortunately this site would undoubtedly have competition from nearby Safeways, and little convince store. Lastly I dont believe that the Bohemia road site is appropriate as the impact on the surrounding environment and roads would outstrip the advantages of the site.In my fifth and final section I have been looking at the already existing ASDA superstore in the crumbles Retail Park, Eastbourne. This ASDA, I think is in a very suitable location and scored well when I carried out a site survey. From my shoppers questionnaire, and task turn survey I have discovered that the store attracts some long distance visitors but overall it is primarily a local store.After investigating all the pros and cons for the old West St Lenoards school site, and considering achievable alternatives, I believe that yes the proposed developments should get the go ahead.In my opinion it is the most appropriate site inside the town, this is because it is by far the largest site. If these developments arent to go ahead, some other development such as houses/flats would take its place, close defiantly resulting in an equal, if not worse impact on the surrounding environment. As for the traffic, well from my investigate the increase of traffic on the surrounding roads would be minimal. Overall my opinion is the advantages convincingly outweigh the disadvantages, therefore, I believe the council would be justified in allowing the proposals to proceed.

Asian Blepharoplasty As A Type Of Body Modification Essay

Asian Blepharoplasty As A Type Of Body adjustment - Essay ExampleWhat stands out from all these procedures is the fact that body features of Whites continue to prevail among the Asian acculturation and to the Asians, attaining such an ideal look is worth any cost. They feel that the Western look is more appealing compared to their own looks. These procedures from the brief, fair kind ones to the most dangerous, are dynamically provoked by the modal value sedulousness or simply wanting to look good (Joo, 2012). Many advertisements in the Asian media relate psyche and professional success to people with Western and Caucasian features and clear messages that in order to achieve probatory things in life, then one has to follow the Western direction of life, which involves looking like them (Nguyen et al., 2009). The Western way of life demands one to have a beautiful, appealing body from head to toe. During these efforts, Asians risk affecting their upbeat and financial security due to the high expenses involved in these surgeries (Chen, 2001). This risky trend should be halted, plainly it will not happen if Asians continue to endorse Western fashion in their own fashion industry. This research will discuss the factors that cause Asians to feel pressured to endorse Western beauty by concentrate mainly on Asian Blepharoplasty. It will also discuss tough issues brought up by these social influences and propose the resolution to this social problem.As Epstein and Joo (2013) confirm, modification of the human body has been there for as foresighted as humans have willed themselves in order to fulfill the established modes that they feel satisfy societal standards. These modifications have been practiced in many ways and for different reasons. Historical evidence reveals that red dyestuff removed from hematite was applied to the body with the aim of decorating it. After this, archaeological evidence confirms that over 10,000 long time ago, animal bones, teeth , and colorful stones were considered as human adornments (Chen, 2001).

Contributions of Civil rights Movement in post-world war America to Essay

Contributions of Civil rights Movement in post-world state of war the States to the Political and Social Development of the United States - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that following the complaisant war, the thirteenth amendment eradicated slavery and the blacknesss gained their freedom. The freed blacks were mostly illiterate and were property or money bereft. In the south where in that location was slavery predominance, inequality and racism were rampant. The state and federal governments facilitated objet darty democratic reforms in the 1860s and 1870s to support black assimilation into the white people. The 14th amendment guaranteed the blacks equal rights which were federally protected. The 15th amendment provided approval rights for every black man to vote. Throughout the construction era, new found rights were short lived. The southern whites employed various means to except the blacks from enjoying any citizenship benefits. They kept the blacks totally disenfranchised through intimidation and harassment. A Cold War go up up in the States as the humankind War II came to an end. Momentous changes in America pertinent to populationalization emerged. The changes enhanced support for an emergent Civil Rights Movement that chiefly aimed at doing by with southern requisition rules and overturning the 1896 ramifications of the Plessy vs. Ferguson case at the Supreme Court. Both the congress and the court in 1954 substantiate what individuals like Martin Luther King were preaching to both white Americans and the black. The black Americans had courageously served in the Second World War which was celebrated for its outstanding contributions even though segregation still continued in the arm forces. While the black Americans were roughly 10% of the whole population, they were approximately 11% of all registered in the troops service. American Civil rights were strongly aided by the augmentation of Liberal Democrats in the northern part of America tha t were firmly in desegregation support (Cashman 82). On the other hand, Republicans were moving towards the southern part where segregation took the fore front. The I have a Dream words of Martin Luther King Junior at the nations capital were probed up by the civil rights words. In collaboration with other black activists, they were of import partakers in the Civil Rights Movement. In the first place, this movement was to abolish slavery and weighty intimidations and harassments of the black. Segregation in the communal schools was not constitutional. Earl Warren the chief justice presented the separate but equal decision by the court was a violation of the Africa Americans rights. An incident that attracted the public eye was unfolded in capital of Alabama where there was segregation of the black Africans at the buses. The blacks were to reserve seats for the whites whenever the whites have filled the front seats. This faithfulness was defied by Park who was a black and was later arrested. The black community responded to the arrest by a one day boycott of the public buses of Montgomery. A lead massive movement organized by preacher Martin King Luther Jr., NAACP and other African leaders challenged the racist laws of Montgomery. The boycotts went on for more than one twelvemonth despite harassment and taunting from the white community. The federal courts then intervened by desegregating the buses on 21st celestial latitude the year 1956. As the pace quickened, the blacks made an effort to attentively pass an Act of Civil Rights that would carry out other rights including voting rights. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee i.e. SNCC was formed by the black

Target Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Target Market - Research Paper ExampleAnheuser-Busch necessitate to identify target customers before communicating them rough the product.Currently, people are quite conscious about the fact that obesity increases the risk of diseases such as diabetes and heart related issues. The statistics reveal that Obesity preponderance is 30 percent or more in 12 states in the US. Among these Mississippi had the highest obesity point of 34.9 percent in 2011. Other states are Missouri, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Michigan, Kentucky, Indiana, Louisiana, West Virginia, Alabama and Arkansas. The statistics also reveal that non-Hispanic non-whites surrender the highest rates of obesity at 49.5 percent compared to non-Hispanics whites at 34.3 percent. It has also been found that higher income class among non-Hispanic black suffers most from obesity (Overweight and Obesity, 2012). The survey done by Gallup further revealed that obesity has increased significantly in older people in their 40s , 70s and 80s (Heavey, 2012).From the above findings, it is clear that Anheuser-Busch, in its first phase, needs to target non-Hispanic blacks, oddly above the age 40, focusing mainly in 12 states with highest obesity rates in the

Motivating Secondary Schooling Children Assignment

Motivating Secondary Schooling Children - Assignment Example195). Socketts statement expresses a basic set forth about the role of motivation It leads to possibilities for fostering the intermitment of students potential or life chances (Mclnerney & Van Etten, 2001, p. x).In some r atomic number 18 cases the educator is lucky enough to have a group of students who all hail with enthusiasm for the subject. They have well developed study skills and a strong aptitude towards discipline. In these instances the labor movement for the educator is to maintain this enthusiasm and to utilize it to ensure these already advanced students continue to achieve proud levels of success. However, the circumstances for educators are often quite different. Their study skills may be underdeveloped and the academic learning may be less than impressive. It is for this reason that an educator should be armed with the knowledge and skill to develop or even create motivation.A central theme of this pap er is that teachers have a primeval responsibility in education to help students cultivate soulfulnessal qualities of motivation that can give them resources for ontogeny aspiration, independent learning, achieving goals, and fostering resiliency in the face of setbacks. Perhaps this responsibility is even more grave in the context of the motivational problems and challenges faced in the home and in schools in the early twenty-first century. The research on the issue will include reviewing the literature on motivation and discussing of teaching approaches that fetch students motivation. The research paper will also focus on subject interest and draw upon the operable experiences of teachers faced with students whose level of interest in their subject matter is low. Students discouragement to learn is not comical and arises widely throughout the educational system. During the years of compulsory education, the lack of motivation is a matter of ageless concern. Students are fa ced with a wide ranging curriculum designed to provide a well go education. Amongst the myriad of research subjects there will be some favored topic/subjects, while otherwise subjects may not be that interesting to an individual student. Successful teaching will almost inevitably require the adoption of a different approach to the teaching and learning activities undertaken.Definition and overview of motivation motivating is a theoretical construct used to explain the initiation, direction, intensity, persistence, and prize of behavior, especially goal-directed behavior (Maehr & Meyer, 1997). Motives are hypothetical constructs used to explain why people are doing what they are doing. Motives are distinguished from cerebrate constructs such as goals (the immediate objectives of particular sequences of behavior) and strategies (the methods used to achieve goals and thus to satisfy motives). For example, a person responds to hunger (motive) by going to a restaurant (strategy) to get food (goal). Motives are usually construed as relatively general needs or desires that energize people to initiate purposeful action sequences. In contrast, goals (and related strategies) tend to be more specific and to be used to explain the direction and quality of action sequences in particular situations

Gaonic Society and Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Gaonic Society and Culture - Research composition ExampleThe first Gaon of Sura was Mar Rab who took the charge in 609 and the last was Samuel ben Hofni who died in 1034. The last Gaon of Pumbedita was Hezekiah Gaon who was anguish and he died in 10401. During the Golden Age of Arabs Jews were prominent in the society and their spiritual and cultural practices and economical living flourished. After 681, the Jews were severely victimized by Christian Visigoths and therefore they invited the Moslem Arabs mainly the Berber conquerors. These conquerors successfully removed the Christian Visigoths and brought an end to their tyranny, providing the Jews their religious autonomy2. Thereafter a period of tolerance began as Jews utilize themselves in studying the sciences, commerce and industry to augment the prosperity of the country. They engaged themselves in translating Arabic texts into papist and Greek and Hebrew texts into Arabic. The involvement of the Jews was also found in se veral other disciplines such as botany, geography, medicine, mathematics, poetry and philosophy.3 During this time Jewish ideas blossomed leading to partial Jewish autonomy. Again insecurity of the Jews developed about 976 and the situation further deteriorated in 1090 with the attack of Almoravids, a Muslim protestant sect from Morocco. Under their hold Muslim belief was imposed on the Jews. The famous educational bodies of the Jews were closed. Then by 1085 there was aggression by the Christian forces. Jewish community was still prominent. Some scholars such as Maimonides, born in 1135, were well-known figures in Judaism. Jewish existence still continued until they were powerfully debarred or converted by the Christian Monarchs4 The purpose of this paper is to show that the uniqueness of the gaons could be attributed to their piety and practices apart from their studious talents and achievements which reflect discipline, integrity and wisdom. The Gaons, their practice and reli gion During the Islamic period, due to the absence of corporate groups, the commercialized and crafted parliamentary procedure of the European variety was not restricted to those members having majority belief in Islamic culture. There was authoritative resemblance among the Muslim and Jewish practices. This encouraged flexible interactions between the Jews and Muslims in economic activities and led the Jewish to adopt liberal attitude towards the Muslims. They preferred to in developing business contracts and settling disputes in the Muslim religious courts as opposed to early Talmudic prohibition. According to one of the Babylonian Geonim this practice was implicitly know by the Jewish judiciary on account of mutual faith. Ashkenazic rabbis persisted on stringent observance of Talmudic controls. indeed the Geonim and later halakhic authorities in the medieval Arab world objected on Jews relevance to Muslim courts and emphasized on continual Talmudic ban. The Gaon after conside ring many contradictory biblical verses exhibits that they do not include abrogation. Islamic religious expressions were used in Judaeo- Arabic writing of the Jewish scholars. Saadya Gaon, the first great rabbinic who wrote in Arabic referred deliberately to the Torah. His Arabic translation of the Bible reflected an integration of Arabic-Islamic culture. The considerable resemblance between the Jewish and Islamic law, the corresponding operation of both of their legal systems and their sharing of linguistic discourse across

Marketing Mangement 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Mangement 3 - Essay ExampleHabitual This book open fire be interchange to spate who like reading about their hobbies, that is cooking and gardening. For this segment, the book can be sold at original price with little more gardening or cooking tips added, so that these hoi polloi wont think about buying the low price edition of the product. This segment can be efficacious reached by through advertising on TV channels which caters to the needs of these types of individuals, magazines or any former(a) means which may reach them.Geographic This book willing be more effective for people living in these geographical areas where natural factors are conducive for farming or gardening. These people can be effectively reached by holding certain PR activities where they are told that their land is quite stiff and the book may help them well.Unemployed This book will touch the aspirations of unemployed people as they have limited income to feed their family. This book will guid e them of the techniques of feeding their families on low income and they will be attracted towards the book. This segment can be effectively reached by advertising in job search centers, job search magazine etc.